判断动词“为”和形容词“难”的跨层情状副词化  

the Adverbization in A Syntactic Sequence of Judgment Verb"Wei"and Adjective"Nan"

作　　者：徐茜朦 XU Ximeng(School of Humanities,Shanghai Normal University,Shanghai 200234,China)

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学人文学院,上海200234

出　　处：《三门峡职业技术学院学报》2020年第4期79-84,94,共7页Journal of Sanmenxia Polytechnic

摘　　要：跨层结构“为难”最早出现在春秋战国时期,常处于“NP以为难”句法结构中,这一跨层结构是由判断义谓语中心词“为”和形容词“难”构成,后于清朝时期词汇化为形容词“为难”,义为“犹豫的、进退两难的”,并且再虚化为情状副词“为难”,并于现代汉语时期成熟。另外,动宾式短语“为难”最早出现在先秦时期“与(之)/NP为难”结构中,由动词“为”和名词“难”构成,后于明朝时期由动宾短语降格凝固为及物动词,义为“刁难、非难(某人)”,沿用至现代汉语。在跨层结构词和动宾短语“为难”词汇化的过程中,句法位置、语用因素、语义推动起到了重要作用,转喻和重新分析是其演变的重要机制。The predicate-object cross-layer structure "embrace" first appeared in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, often in the syntactic structure of "NP-embedded Weinan". During the Qing dynasty, the lexicalization became the adjective "Weinan", meaning "hesitant, dilemma", and then became the adverb "Weinan", and matured in the modern Chinese period. In addition, the verb-object phrase "Weinan" first appeared in the structure of "and(zhi)/NP is difficult" in the pre-Qin period. The transitive verb, which means "trouble(someone)", is still used in modern Chinese.In the process of lexicalization of the verb-object phrase "Weinan" and predicate-object cross-layer,Syntactic position, pragmatic factors, and semantic promotion played an important role.Also,Metonymy and re-analysis are important mechanisms of its evolution.

关 键 词：跨层结构 为难 词汇化与语法化 动因机制 

分 类 号：H13[语言文字—汉语]