南极菲尔德斯半岛潮间带沉积物细菌群落结构分析及产酶菌株初步筛选  

BACTERIAL COMMUNITY STRUCTURE OF INTERTIDAL SEDIMENTS IN THE FILDES PENINSULA,ANTARCTICA,AND PRELIMINARY SCREENING OF ENZYME-PRODUCING STRAINS

作　　者：吴蕾蕾 商丽[1] 孙浩 史晓翀[1,2] 张晓华 Wu Leilei;Shang Li;Sun Hao;Shi Xiaochong;Zhang Xiaohua(College of Marine Life Sciences,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266003,China;Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science,Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology,Qingdao 266071,China)

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学海洋生命学院,山东青岛266003 [2]青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室海洋生态与环境科学功能实验室,山东青岛266071

出　　处：《极地研究》2020年第4期512-522,共11页Chinese Journal of Polar Research

基　　金：国家海洋局极地专项(CHINARE-04-01、CHINARE-02-01)资助。

摘　　要：为了研究南极菲尔德斯半岛潮间带沉积物细菌群落组成及可培养细菌产酶活性,选取潮间带19个站位沉积物样品,利用Illumina MiSeq高通量测序技术对沉积物中细菌的群落组成进行研究;利用荧光定量PCR技术定量测量沉积物中总细菌的绝对丰度;利用传统的平板涂布法对16个站位的沉积物样品中可培养细菌进行纯化和鉴定,同时选取38株细菌进行酶活性筛选。结果显示:19个站位潮间带沉积物样品共得到2375个分类操作单元OTU(operational taxonomic unit),共获得42个细菌门,其中变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)为优势类群。总细菌的丰度介于2.51×10^7~6.65×10^8 copies·g^-1。对于可培养细菌,129株测序的细菌分属于4个门,25个属,50个种。变形菌门、放线菌门、拟杆菌门为优势类群,这与高通量测序结果基本一致。选取其中38株进行酶活性筛选(包括脂酶、淀粉酶、明胶酶、褐藻胶酶和纤维素酶),发现17株可产脂酶、24株可产淀粉酶、18株可产明胶酶、4株可产褐藻胶酶和4株可产纤维素酶。To study the composition of the bacterial community and enzyme-producing activity of cultivable bacteria in the intertidal sediments of the Fildes Peninsula,Antarctica,sediment samples from 19 sites of the intertidal zone were collected,and the bacterial community composition of these sediments was sequenced by high-throughput sequencing using Illumina MiSeq technology.The absolute abundance of total bacteria in the sediments was measured by real-time PCR.The plate coating method was used to purify and isolate the culturable bacteria of sediment samples from 16 sites.Thirty-eight strains of bacteria were selected for the screening of enzyme activities.In total,2375 operational taxonomic units(OTUs)of the intertidal sediment samples were obtained,and these OTUs were assigned into 42 bacterial phyla,of which Proteobacteria,Bacteroidetes,and Actinobacteria were the dominant groups.The abundance of total bacteria ranged from 2.51×10^7 to 6.65×10^8 copies·g^−1.Among culturable bacteria,129 strains were assigned to four phyla,25 genera,and 50 species.Proteobacteria,Actinobacteria,and Bacteroides were the predominant groups,which were basically consistent with the results of high-throughput sequencing.Thirty-eight strains were selected for the screening of low-temperature enzyme activities(including lipase,amylase,gelatinase,alginate,and cellulase),and 17 strains were found to produce lipase,24 strains produced amylase,18 strains produced gelatin,four strains produced alginate,and four strains produced cellulase.

关 键 词：菲尔德斯半岛潮间带沉积物 高通量测序 可培养细菌 16S RRNA 基因 酶活性 

分 类 号：Q938[生物学—微生物学]