HACCP在职业性急性化学中毒事故风险分析与应急救援的应用  

The application of HACCP in occupational acute chemical poisoning accident and emergency rescue

作　　者：麦诗琪 朱少芳 张晋蔚 李勇勤 周海林 王致 MAI Shi-qi;ZHU Shou-fang;ZHANG Jin-wei;LI Yong-qin;ZHOU Hai-lin;WANG Zhi(Institute of Occupational and Environmental Health,Guangzhou Occupational Disease Prevention and Control Institute Occupational Health Care Unit,Guangzhou Medical Key Subject Twelve People’s Hospital,Affiliated to Guangzhou Medical University,Guangzhou Guangdong 510620,China)

机构地区：[1]广州市职业病防治院职业与环境卫生研究所,广州市医学重点学科职业健康监护科,广州医科大学附属市十二人民医院,广东广州510620

出　　处：《中国卫生工程学》2020年第6期832-835,共4页Chinese Journal of Public Health Engineering

基　　金：广州市卫生计生科技重大项目(20181A031001);广州市医学重点学科建设项目(穗卫科教[2016]27号);广州市高水平临床重点专科建设项目(穗卫函〔2019〕1555号);广州市卫生健康科技项目(穗卫科教[2019]2号)。

摘　　要：目的识别可能发生职业性急性化学中毒的高危风险点与关键控制点,探讨适用于职业性急性化学中毒事故与应急救援的HACCP方法。方法运用HACCP原理对白云区监管部门的企业申报情况进行统计和分析,辨析发生职业性急性化学中毒事故的高危风险点。结果白云区企业数量最多的为箱包皮具制鞋业(403家),其次为化学原料和化学制品制造业(328家)、家具制造业(241家)。通过综合分析,这三大类企业及印刷包装、橡胶制品业均为容易发生急性化学中毒的高危企业类型,为本研究的关键控制点(CCPs)。结论本研究运用HACCP原理,识别出白云区职业卫生监管的关键控制点,通过建立起能够检测这些关键控制点是否失控的监控系统,可以有效提高职业卫生监管的效率,在一定程度上降低急性化学中毒事故的发生率,提高应急救援处置响应效率。Objective To provide preventive and control measures for the regulatory authorities in strengthening key supervision and improving supervision efficiency,by identifying high-risk points and key control points where occupational acute chemical poisoning may occur,and to explore HACCP methods for occupational acute chemical poisoning accidents and emergency rescue.Methods The statistics and analysis of the enterprise declarations of the Baiyun District regulatory authorities were conducted to identify the high-risk risk points of occupational acute chemical poisoning accidents,by HACCP principle.Results The largest number of enterprises in Baiyun District was the leather goods and footwear industry(403),followed by chemical raw materials and chemical products manufacturing(328),and furniture manufacturing(241).These three categories of enterprises,as well as printing and packaging,rubber products industry were high-risk enterprises,through comprehensive analysis,were prone to acute chemical poisoning,and were also the key control points(CCPs)of this study.Conclusion This study uses the HACCP principle to identify key control points for occupational health supervision in Baiyun District.By establishing a monitoring system capable of detecting whether these critical control points are out of control,the efficiency of occupational health supervision can be effectively improved,the incidence of acute chemical poisoning accidents can be reduced to a certain extent,and the response efficiency of emergency rescue treatment can also be improved.

关 键 词：HACCP 急性化学中毒 应急救援 关键控制点 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]