历史叙事的“可信性”与“可靠性”--《文心雕龙·史传》的叙事学解读  

The Trustworthiness and Reliability in Historical Narration:A Narrative Study on"History" in The Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragons

作　　者：李卫华[1] Li Weihua(College of Chinese Language and Literature,Hebei Normal University)

机构地区：[1]河北师范大学文学院

出　　处：《探索与批评》2020年第2期44-56,共13页Inquiry and Criticism

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“《文心雕龙》范畴的符号学研究”(编号:18BZW001)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：《文心雕龙·史传》是中国文论史上第一篇全面探讨历史叙事文体的理论文章,其中提出历史叙事的基本原则就是真实性和伦理性并重。为了实现这一基本原则,刘勰批评了前人在历史叙事中存在的“违经失实”现象,并推崇“尊贤隐讳”的史笔。前者涉及历史叙事的可信性问题,后者涉及历史叙事的可靠性问题。借用当代西方叙事学中关于“不可靠叙述”和“不可信叙述”的理论则不难发现,无论在刘勰的论述中还是在中国历史叙事文本中,伦理性与真实性都总是处于矛盾之中,这是由皇权专制社会的意识形态元叙事所决定的。要想突破旧有元叙事的遮蔽,实现真实性与伦理性的统一,不仅需要一代代历史叙事者的经验性努力,更有赖于新的文化元叙事的生成。"History"in The Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragons is the first theoretical article in the history of Chinese literary theory to discusshistorical narrative style in an all-round way.The basic principle ofhistorical narration proposed by this article is the equal stress on truthand cthics.In order to rcalize this basic principle,Liu Xie criticized thephenomenon of"disobeying the classics and losing the truth in thehistorical narrative of predecessors,and praised highly the writingmethod of"covering up for the virtuous and respectful".The formerrelates to the reliability,and the latter relates to the trustworthiness ofthe historical narration.Adopting the theories of"unreliable narration"and"untrustworthy narration"in modern narratology.this articleclearly shows that the ethics and truth are always in contradiction bothin Liu Xie's thcory and in Chincse historical narrative text.It is hard tounify the uruth and ethics under the dominance of the ideological meia-narrative in thc imperial autocratic socicty.It not only necds thcexperiential efforts of generations of historical narrators,but alsodepends on the birth of a new cultural meta-narrative to break the coverof old meta-narrative and realize the unity of truth and ethics.

关 键 词：《文心雕龙·史传》 不可信叙述不可靠叙述 

分 类 号：I20[文学—中国文学]