“动物比喻词汇”的汉日对比研究——以“性向词汇”中的“虫”族喻词为中心  

A Comparative Study on“Animal Metaphor Vocabulary”in Chinese and Japanese--With“Chong/Mushi”of“Gender-based Phrases”as the Focus

作　　者：施晖[1] 李凌飞 Shi Hui;Li Lingfei

机构地区：[1]苏州大学外国语学院,江苏苏州215006

出　　处：《东北亚外语研究》2020年第4期29-37,共9页Foreign Language Research in Northeast Asia

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“日中韩语中的‘表人比喻词汇’对比研究”(17BYY219);苏州大学校委托项目“中日性向词汇中的词缀对比研究”(BV10400116)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：经相关前期调查发现,汉日“性向词汇”中存在着大量的基于隐喻和转喻等认知手段生成的比喻词汇。通过对“虫”族喻词进行分析与比较,可以得出如下结论:汉日“虫”族喻词基本都属于负面评价,中日两国具有共性。汉语“虫”族喻词的不重复词汇量高于日语,而在重复词汇量方面,日语则遥遥领先,数量约为汉语的2.4倍,说明日本人积极使用“虫”族喻词对人进行评价。“昆虫弱小”属于中日两国的共识,但相关喻词的评价语义项却截然不同。汉日性向词汇中的“虫”都具有后缀构词这一特点,不过其来源却不尽相同,其中「働き虫」属于日语特有的比喻词汇。Previous studies have found that there are a large number of metaphorical vocabularies based on metaphor and metonymy in Chinese and Japanese“Gender-based Phrases”.By comparative analysis on Chong/Mushi family metaphor vocabularies,the following conclusions have been drawn:Chinese and Japanese are common with the characteristic that Chong/Mushi family metaphor vocabularies are usually used to convey negative evaluation.In terms of nonredundant vocabulary,the number of Chong/Mushi family metaphor vocabularies in Chinese is more than that in Japanese.On the contrary,compared from repeated vocabulary,Japanese is 2.4 times more than Chinese.The result has indicated that Japanese prefer to use Chong/Mushi family metaphor vocabularies to comment on people.Although both Chinese and Japanese insist insects are feeble,the semantic terms of the related metaphors in the two languages are quite different.“Chong/Mushi”in Chinese and Japanese has suffix word formation,but its source is not the same,and among which“hataraki mushi”is a unique expression in Japanese.

关 键 词：性向词汇 “虫”族喻词 汉日对比 认知特征 语义色彩 

分 类 号：H0[语言文字—语言学]