“四特”晚籼稻系列组合适宜移栽秧龄和播种期探讨  

Discussion on suitable transplanting seedling age and sowing date of“four special”late Indica rice series combinations

作　　者：李兴华[1] 蔡星星[1] 王欢[1] 张盛[1] 周强[1] 周楠 LI Xing-hua;CAI Xing-xing;WANG Huan;ZHANG Sheng;ZHOU Qiang;ZHOU Nan(Huanggang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Huanggang 438000,Hubei,China)

机构地区：[1]黄冈市农业科学院,湖北黄冈438000

出　　处：《湖北农业科学》2020年第23期32-37,共6页Hubei Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：湖北省农业科技创新中心资助项目(2019-620-001-03);中央引导地方科技发展资金专项(2020ZYYD009);杂交水稻湖北省协同创新项目;湖北省水产绿色高质量发展“稻虾生态种养技术”协同推广项目。

摘　　要：“四特”晚籼稻系列组合播始历期短,秧龄弹性差,秧龄偏长容易早穗,难以发挥产量优势,为防止该类组合生产中早穗的发生,进行了不同秧龄和播种期试验。结果表明,3个供试“四特”晚籼稻组合产量都以20 d秧龄移栽最高;单位面积有效穗数以15 d秧龄最多,与20 d和25 d秧龄之间未达到显著差异,但显著高于35 d秧龄(P<0.05);结实率和千粒重在30 d和35 d秧龄之间未达到显著差异,但大部分显著低于15 d和20 d秧龄(P<0.05);秧龄达到25 d时已有早穗发生,当秧龄大于30 d时早穗严重。综上可知,“四特”晚籼稻系列组合适宜移栽秧龄为15~25 d,最适移栽秧龄为20 d。依据安全齐穗成熟日期及生育期所需活动积温,“四特”晚籼稻系列组合在长江流域可推迟至6月30日播种,以缩短秧龄,尽量减轻秧龄对产量的影响。The“four special”late indica rice series combinations has short heading date,poor elasticity of seedling age,and easy to early spike when the seedling age was long,so the yield advantage was difficult to give full play.In order to prevent early ear of“four special”late Indica rice series combinations in production,experiments were carried out with different seedling age and sowing date using three“four special”late Indica rice combinations.The results showed that the highest yield was found in the treatment with 20-day-old seedling age.The most effective panicles per unit area was found in the treatment with 15-day-old seedling age,which was not significantly different with 20-day-old seedling age and 25-day-old seedling age,but significantly higher than 35-day-old seed⁃ling age(P<0.05).The seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight had no significant difference between 30-day-old seedling age and 35-day-old seedling age,but most were significantly lower than 15-day-old seedling age and 20-day-old seedling age(P<0.05).The early ear had already occurred when the seedling age reached 25 days,and was serious when the seedling age more than 30 days.The suitable transplanting seedling age was 15 to 25 days and the most suitable transplanting seedling age was 20 days for“four special”late Indica rice series combinations.According to the safe full-ear and maturity date and the accumulated temperature required for growth period,the sowing of“four special”late Indica rice series combinations could be delayed until June 30 to shorten the seedling age and minimize the effect of seedling age on yield.

关 键 词：“四特”晚籼稻 秧龄 播种期 产量 

分 类 号：S511.21[农业科学—作物学]