不同生育时期追施氮肥对啤酒大麦生长动态及品质的影响  

Effects of Topdressing Nitrogen Fertilizer at Different Growth Stages on Growth Dynamics and Quality of Beer Barley

作　　者：赵云 李鹏兵 孔建平[1] 谢香文[3] 俞天胜[1] 赵亮[1] 贾永红[1] 魏海鹏[1] 方伏荣[4] 向莉[1] ZHAO Yun;LI Pengbing;KONG Jianping;XIE Xiangwen;YU Tiansheng;ZHAO Liang;JIA Yonghong;WEI Haipeng;FANG Furong;XIANG Li(Qitai Wheat Experimental Station, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qitai Xinjiang 831800, China;Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-agriculture of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps / College of Agronomy, Shihezi University, Shihezi Xinjiang 832003, China;Institute of Soil and Fertilizer, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091,China;Institute of Food Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业科学院奇台麦类试验站,新疆奇台831800 [2]石河子大学农学院/新疆兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室,新疆石河子832003 [3]新疆农业科学院土壤肥料研究所,乌鲁木齐830091 [4]新疆农业科学院粮食作物研究所,乌鲁木齐830091

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2020年第12期2176-2185,共10页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家大麦青稞产业技术体系(CARS-05-023B)。

摘　　要：【目的】分析不同生育时期追施氮肥对啤酒大麦经济性状及品质影响,研究啤酒大麦氮肥最佳追施时期,为提高大麦种植区产量与品质提供一定的理论基础。【方法】以近几年引进和自育的啤酒大麦品种为材料,采用裂区设计,研究在不同生育时期追施氮肥对不同品种经济性状、产量及品质的影响及变化规律。【结果】随着追施氮肥时期的推迟,抽穗期、成熟期均推迟;在孕穗期、抽穗期追施氮肥,生育期天数显著增加;在2叶1心期追施氮肥最高总茎数和有效穗数表现最优,差异显著;株高、产量构成因子及产量在拔节期追施氮肥效果最佳,且差异显著;蛋白质含量与追氮时期呈正相关规律变化,随着追施氮肥时期的后移,蛋白质含量越高。【结论】在2叶1心期追施氮肥,可显著提高啤酒大麦的经济性状;在拔节期追施氮肥,可显著提高啤酒大麦的产量,显著改善其籽粒品质。拔节期追施氮肥可实现产量与品质的协同提高。【Objective】To study the effects of topdressing nitrogen fertilizer on the economic characteristics and quality of beer barley during different growth periods,and determine the best topdressing time of nitrogen fertilizer for beer barley.【Method】Taking the barley varieties introduced and self-fertilized in recent years as test materials and using the split zone design,the effects and changes of topdressing nitrogen fertilizer at different growth stages on the economic characteristics,yield and quality of different varieties were studied.【Result】With the delay of the nitrogen topdressing period,the heading and maturity periods were delayed;the application of nitrogen fertilizer at the booting and heading stages significantly increased the number of days of growth;the highest total stem number and effective ear number of topdressing nitrogen fertilizer at the two-leaf and one-heart stage showed the best performance with significant differences;plant height,yield components,and yield had the best effect of topdressing nitrogen fertilizer at the jointing stage,and the differences were significant;protein content was positively correlated with the nitrogen topdressing period.With the backward shift of topdressing nitrogen fertilizer,protein content was higher.【Conclusion】Topdressing nitrogen fertilizer at the two-leaf and one-heart stage can significantly improve the economic traits of beer barley;topdressing nitrogen fertilizer at the jointing stage can significantly increase the yield of beer barley and significantly improve its grain quality.Therefore,this study showed that topdressing nitrogen fertilizer at jointing stage could achieve synergistic improvement of yield and quality.

关 键 词：啤酒大麦 生长动态 产量 蛋白质含量 

分 类 号：S512.3[农业科学—作物学]