削觚·觚名·觚棱——先秦礼器觚片论  

Three Pieces of Notes on the Pre-Qin Dynasty's Ritual Vessel Gu

作　　者：阎步克[1] Yan Buke(Research Center of Ancient Chinese History,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学中国古代史研究中心,北京100871

出　　处：《北京大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2020年第6期76-87,共12页Journal of Peking University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

摘　　要：孔子“觚不觚”语中之“觚”,今人多释为青铜觚。实际上包括青铜觚在内的一批青铜饮酒器,到西周中期就消歇了,削木而成的、包括漆木觚在内的漆木酒器取而代之。在春秋礼乐人员承用爵、觚、觯、角、斝等青铜器名、用以转指五等容量的漆木筒形杯时,其依据一是器物组合,二是容积大小。觚本名为“同”,商后期四棱、八棱的青铜同大量出现,它们因为有棱而特称为“觚”。觚字源于柧字,原指棱柱形物体的棱角。In Confucius said,“A gu(觚,wine vessel)is not a gu proper.”(觚不觚)The gu meant by Confuciusis now usually interpreted as a bronze wine vessel.However,after the mid-Western Zhou Dynasty,a series of bronze wine vessels including bronze gu disappeared,and a group of lacquer wine vessels including lacquer gu made of wood took the place.In the Spring and Autumn Period,when the ritual and musical officials used the original names of suchfive obsolete bronze vessels as jue(爵,three-legged wine vessel),gu,zhi(觯,drinking vessel),jiao(角,vessel for heating and keeping wine)and jia(斝,round-mouthed three-legged wine vessel),to refer to five cylinder-shaped vessels of different volumes,they based the namingon their previous practical combinations and capacities.The original name of gu was tong(同).In the late Shang Dynasty,there appeared large quantities of bronze tong with four of eight edges.It was conjectured that bronze tong was called gu because it had edges.After all,the etymological origin of觚(gu)is柧(gu),which means the edge of a prism.

关 键 词：觚 觚棱 五爵 五器 

分 类 号：K875[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]