大麦虫幼虫肠道菌群对聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料降解  

Biodegradation of Expanded Polystyrene Foams in Zophobas morio:Effects of Gut Microbiota

作　　者：杨莉[1,2] 刘颖 高婕[2,4] 彭霞薇 白志辉[2,4] 庄绪亮 YANG Li;LIU Ying;GAO Jie;PENG Xia-wei;BAI Zhi-hui;ZHUANG Xu-liang(College of Biological Sciences and Technology,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China;Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology,Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100085,China;School of Life Sciences,University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230026,China;College of Resources and Environment,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 101408,China)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学生物科学与技术学院,北京100083 [2]中国科学院生态环境研究中心中国科学院环境生物技术重点实验室,北京100085 [3]中国科学技术大学生命科学学院,合肥230026 [4]中国科学院大学资源与环境学院,北京101408

出　　处：《环境科学》2020年第12期5609-5616,共8页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC0505803-01,2016YFC0500401)。

摘　　要：聚苯乙烯(polystyrene,PS)是广泛使用且难以降解的主要塑料材料之一.在本研究中,选择大麦虫幼虫(Zophobas morio)对PS进行生物降解,发现大麦虫幼虫在为期50 d的培养时间仅摄取PS,能够保持较高存活率(73%).使用傅里叶变换红外光谱分析大麦虫的虫粪,证实了虫粪中的PS形成了新的含氧官能团.凝胶渗透色谱分析表明,大麦虫摄入PS后其虫粪的重均分子量(Mw)和数均分子量(Mn)均向减小的方向偏移,表明大麦虫摄入的PS发生了降解.使用16S r RNA基因测序技术,分析PS、麦麸和麦麸加PS这3种不同的饲喂条件下大麦虫的肠道细菌,结果表明在不同的摄食条件下,Z.morio的肠道菌群表现出显著差异.在PS饲喂条件下,大麦虫肠道中具有降解PS功能的优势菌群,例如克雷伯氏菌(Klebsiella)和柠檬酸杆菌属(Citrobacter)等显著富集.以PS为唯一碳源,对大麦虫肠道微生物进行为期90 d的体外培养实验,结果发现具有PS降解功能的肠道菌群显著富集.本研究证明了肠道细菌在大麦虫幼虫降解PS的过程中发挥了重要作用,为PS的生物降解提供了新的理论依据与应用思路.Polystyrene(PS)foam is one of the main plastic materials dispersed in the environment.In this study,we observed that the insect-super mealworms(Zophobas morio),which belong to a species of the Tenebrio genus,are able to consume and degrade PS foam.Individual Z.morio consumed an extracellular polymeric substance(EPS)over 50 days with high survival rates.Analyses of the frass egested using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)confirmed the formation of a new oxygen-bearing functional group in the EPS.Gel permeation chromatography(GPC)analyses indicated that the depolymerization of ingested EPS with decreases in both Mw and Mn was observed,suggesting that the EPS was biodegraded.We also used 16 S r RNA gene sequences to analyze the gut bacteria of Z.morio under three different feeding conditions,including with polystyrene,bran,and bran plus polystyrene.Under different dietary conditions,the gut microbiota of Z.morio showed significant differences,such as Klebsiella and Citrobacter becoming significantly enriched.In vitro studies using 90-days gut microbial culturing experiments indicated that gut microbiota contributed to PS degradation.Our research demonstrates that intestinal bacteria played an essential role in the degradation of PS by Z.morio,and provides a new theoretical basis and application ideas for the biodegradation of PS.

关 键 词：大麦虫 聚苯乙烯(PS) 生物降解 肠道菌群 高通量测序 

分 类 号：X172[环境科学与工程—环境科学]