爱德华一世时期总巡回法庭的消逝  

The Demise of the General Eyre in the Reign of Edward Ⅰ

作　　者： 李洋(译)[2,3] Caroline Burt

机构地区：[1]剑桥大学历史系 [2]南京师范大学法学院 [3]南京师范大学中国法治现代化研究院

出　　处：《法治现代化研究》2020年第5期174-184,共11页Law and Modernization

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目(15CFX009)资助。

摘　　要：中世纪英格兰总巡回法庭因所受理业务明显超出负荷,从而影响其巡回频率及实践效率,并最终导致其退出历史舞台,这显然已为一众史家所共知。然而,这一传统叙事显然未能正确认识总巡回法庭在其时司法体系中的客观定位。根据爱德华一世统治时期巡回法庭的若干卷宗,可以发现,尽管伴随“控诉状”的“蜂拥”,总巡回法院实现业务量增长,但这并非其消逝的主要原因。历史事实显示,13世纪末的总巡回法庭已非地方行政法律事务不可或缺的一部分。在此意义上,特殊刑事案件调查委任状委员会与其说是应对巡回法庭失措的新解决机制,毋宁说是爱德华在其统治期间前半段所使用的有针对性的特定事宜应对机制。14世纪巡回法庭的消逝以及诸多特别委任机制的设置,并非自然逻辑关系的铺陈,不应将之作以简单化理解。The General Circuit Court of England in the Middle Ages obviously exceeded the load of its business,which affected its touring frequency and practical efficiency,and eventually led to its withdrawal from the stage of history.This is obviously known to all historians.However,this traditional narrative obviously failed to correctly understand the objective position of the General Circuit Court in the judicial system at that time.According to several files of the circuit court during the reign of Edward I,it can be found that although the general circuit court has achieved an increase in business volume with the surge of“complaints”,this is not the main reason for its disappearance.Historical facts show that the General Circuit Court at the end of the 13th century was no longer an indispensable part of local administrative legal affairs.In this sense,the Commission for Investigation of Special Criminal Cases was not so much a new mechanism for resolving the circuit court's failures,but rather a mechanism for dealing with specific issues that Edward used during the first half of his reign.The disappearance of the circuit courts in the 14th century and the establishment of many special appointment mechanisms are not related to each other according to the natural logic and thus should not be interpreted in a superficial and simplified manner.

关 键 词：中世纪英格兰 总巡回法庭 控诉状 特别委任巡回 

分 类 号：D909.9[政治法律—法学理论]