森林火灾对马尾松次生林土壤理化性质的影响  

Effects of Forest Fires on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties in Secondary Forest of Pinus massoniana

作　　者：罗斯生 罗碧珍 魏书精[2] 胡海清[1] 吴泽鹏[2] 王振师[2] 周宇飞[2] 李小川[2] 钟映霞 宋红[1] LUO Sisheng;LUO Bizhen;WEI Shujing;HU Haiqing;WU Zepeng;WANG Zhenshi;ZHOU Yufei;LI Xiaochuan;ZHONG Yingxia;SONG Hong(Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040,China;Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture,Protection and Utilization/Guangdong Academy of Forestry,Guangzhou,510520,China;State Key Laboratory of Fire Science/University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230026,China)

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学,黑龙江哈尔滨150040 [2]广东省森林培育与保护利用重点实验室/广东省林业科学研究院,广东广州510520 [3]中国科学技术大学/火灾科学国家重点实验室,安徽合肥230026

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2020年第11期2141-2152,共12页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41371109);国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFE0207800);广西自然科学基金项目(2014GXNSFBA118108);广东省林业科技创新项目(2020KJCX003);广东省灾害防治及应急管理专项资金(2020-06)。

摘　　要：森林火灾是森林生态系统中的重要干扰之一,深刻影响着土壤生物和非生物特性动态变化,进而影响生态系统养分循环和平衡。选择森林火灾典型分布区域,选取相似立地条件的具有南方代表性的不同发育阶段(不同林龄:幼龄林、中龄林和成熟林)的马尾松(Pinus massoniana)次生林,在火烧迹地(过火样地)及相邻未烧林分(对照样地)进行野外调查和采样,定量研究森林火灾对土壤理化性质的影响。森林火灾增加了马尾松次生林不同林龄的土壤容重、土壤pH值和土壤全磷,降低了不同林龄的土壤含水率、土壤全氮和土壤有机碳含量;提高了土壤C/N比,减少了C/P比和N/P比,且土壤含水率、土壤全氮、土壤全磷和土壤有机碳含量均随着林龄增长而增加,土壤容重和土壤pH值随林龄增长而减少。相关分析表明,土壤细根生物量与过火样地的土壤容重和土壤pH值呈负相关,而与土壤全氮、土壤全磷和土壤含水率呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。不同林龄土壤有机碳含量与土壤全氮耦合性较高。嵌套方差分析表明,引起马尾松次生林土壤理化性质变异的原因是不同林龄、不同土壤深度和森林火灾,林龄和土壤深度解释了土壤理化性质的10.80%—69.80%,森林火灾解释了土壤理化性质变异的2.50%—11.20%。森林火灾对不同林龄马尾松次生林的土壤理化性质均产生影响。马尾松次生林土壤含水率、土壤全氮、土壤全磷和土壤有机碳含量均呈现为随土壤土层深度加深而减少的趋势,而土壤容重和土壤pH值则表现为随土壤土层深度加深而增加的趋势。研究结果进一步量化了森林火灾对土壤理化性质的影响,可为火烧迹地恢复、森林碳汇管理、林业可持续发展提供科学支撑。Forest fire is one of the important disturbances in the forest ecosystem,which profoundly affects the dynamic changes of soil biological and non-biological characteristics,and then affects the nutrient cycle and balance of the ecosystem.Select the typical forest fire distribution area,select Pinus massoniana secondary forest at different developmental stages(different forest ages:young forest,middle-age forest and mature forest)in the southern region with similar site conditions)and control plot to conduct field investigation and sampling to quantitatively study the impact of forest fires on the physical and chemical properties of soil.Forest fires increased soil weight,soil pH and soil whole phosphorus in different forest age in horsetail pine secondary forests,reduced soil moisture content,soil whole nitrogen and soil organic carbon content of different forest ages;The relevant analysis showed that the soil thin root biomass was negatively correlated with soil weight and soil pH on the over-fire soil,and positively correlated with soil whole nitrogen,soil whole phosphorus and soil moisture content(P<0.01).The organic carbon content of soil of different forest age is highly coupled with the whole nitrogen of soil.The nested variance analysis shows that the reasons for the soil physical and chemical variation of the secondary forest of Pinus massoniana are different forest age,different soil depth and forest fire,the forest age and soil depth explain 10.80%to 69.80% of the soil physical and chemical variation,and the forest fire explains 2.50%to 11.20% of the soil physical and chemical properties variation.Forest fires have an effect on the physical and chemical properties of the soil of different forest-age secondary forest of Pinus massoniana.The soil moisture content,soil total nitrogen,soil total phosphorus and soil organic carbon content of the secondary forest of Pinus massoniana were all shown to decrease with the deepening of soil layer depth,while the soil weight and soil pH were shown to increase with t

关 键 词：森林火灾 马尾松次生林 不同林龄 土壤理化性质 土壤生态化学 计量特征 

分 类 号：S718.5[农业科学—林学] X17[环境科学与工程—环境科学]