栽培方式对红壤性稻田土壤微生物群落结构和多样性的影响  

Effects of Cultivation Methods on Soil Microbial Community Structure and Diversity in Red Paddy

作　　者：林小兵 时红 武琳[1] 成艳红[1] 才硕 黄尚书[1] 何绍浪 黄欠如[1] 张昆[1] LIN Xiaobing;SHI Hong;WU Lin;CHENG Yanhong;CAI Shuo;HUANG Shangshu;HE Shaolang;HUANG Qianru;ZHANG Kun(National Red Soil Improvement Engineering Technology Research Center/Jiangxi Institute of Red Soil,Jinxian 331717,China;Jiangxi Central Station of Irrigation Experiment,Nanchang 330201,China;East China University of Technology,Nanchang 330013,China)

机构地区：[1]江西省红壤研究所/国家红壤改良工程技术研究中心,江西进贤331717 [2]江西省灌溉试验中心站,江西南昌330201 [3]东华理工大学,江西南昌330013

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2020年第11期2206-2214,共9页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300906-03);江西省重点研发计划项目(20171BBH80020);江西省水利科技项目(KT201630,KT201738)。

摘　　要：随着人工成本的增加,推行轻简栽培的水稻种植面积不断扩大,但是不同栽培方式下稻田土壤微生物群落结构和多样性的差异尚不清楚。以江西双季稻田为对象,运用高通量测序技术探究移栽、直播、机插和抛秧这4种栽培方式对红壤性稻田土壤微生物群落结构及其多样性的影响。16S rRNA的结果表明,4种栽培方式下红壤性稻田土壤微生物的群落结构组成,在早稻季和晚稻季均以变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、硝化螺旋菌门(Nitrospirae)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)为优势类群。主成分分析显示,轻简栽培的直播和机插稻田微生物群落结构显著不同于移栽处理;抛秧与移栽有部分重叠,这说明此两种栽培方式下稻田土壤的微生物组成差异较小。4种栽培方式对土壤微生物Shannon指数和Simpson指数的影响未达显著水平,但由OTUs韦恩图分析可知,各栽培方式下其特有的OTUs机插最高,直播次之,移栽和抛秧最小;且轻简栽培的直播和机插的稻田土壤微生物OTUs的丰富度和多度显著高于传统移栽。与传统的移栽相比,轻简栽培的机插、抛秧和直播处理的水稻产量降低了0.48%—17.49%,且与机插和直播的产量差异达显著水平;但栽培方式对土壤理化性质无显著的影响。综上,与传统移栽的栽培方式相比,直播和机插显著增加稻田土壤微生物的丰富度和多度并改变微生物的群落结构,但抛秧对土壤微生物群落结构和多样性的影响不显著;4种栽培方式下土壤理化性质无显著性差异,但3种轻简栽培方式均存在一定的减产风险。With the increase of labor cost,the area of paddy under light and simple cultivation is expanding continuously.In order to explore different cultivation methods,including three light and simple cultivations(direct seeding,mechanical transplanting and seeding casting)and one traditional cultivation(artificial transplanting),on soil microbial community structure and diversity,high throughput sequencing technology was used to double-cropping rice fields in Jiangxi province of southern China.The results of 16S rRNA showed that Proteobacteria,Nitrospira,Mycobacterium and Bacteroides were dominated in soil microbial community under the four cultivation methods during both the early and late rice periods.The results of Principal component analysis showed that the soil microbial community structures under direct seeding and mechanical transplanting were significantly different from that under artificial transplanting.However,there was a partial overlap between throwing seedling and artificial transplanting,which meant that the soil microbial composition under the two cultivation methods were similar.There was no difference in soil microbial diversity index(Shannon and Simpson index)among artificial transplanting,direct seeding,mechanical transplanting and seeding casting.The Veen diagram shows that the number of unique OTUs under machine transplanting was the highest,followed by direct seeding,artificial transplanting and seeding casting were the lowest.And the richness and abundance of OTUs of the two light and simple cultivations(direct seeding and mechanical transplanting)were significantly higher than the traditional cultivation(artificial transplanting).Compared with the traditional artificial transplanting,rice yield under the direct seeding,mechanical transplanting and seeding casting reduced by 0.48%‒17.49%.but cultivation methods had no significant effect on soil physical and chemical properties.In conclusion,compared with the traditional artificial transplanting,direct seeding and machine transplanting signif

关 键 词：栽培方式 红壤性稻田 16SRRNA基因 高通量测序 土壤微生物 多样性 

分 类 号：S157.4[农业科学—土壤学] S154.3[农业科学—农业基础科学]