中国近海沿岸海洋溢油事故研究  

Marine Oil Spill Accidents in China′s Coastal Zone

作　　者：陈勤思 胡松[1,2,3] CHEN Qinsi;HU Song(Marine Ecosystem&Environmental Laboratory,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;National Engineering Research Center for Oceanic Fisheries,Shanghai 201306,China;Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Estuarine and Oceanographic Mapping,Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学海洋生态系统与环境实验室,上海201306 [2]国家远洋渔业工程技术中心,上海201306 [3]上海河口海洋测绘工程技术研究中心,上海201306

出　　处：《海洋开发与管理》2020年第12期49-53,共5页Ocean Development and Management

摘　　要：为保护我国海洋生态环境以及更好地开展海洋溢油污染防控工作,文章调查并整理1974—2018年我国近海沿岸发生的50t及以上海洋溢油事故资料,并从溢油次数、溢油总量、年际变化、区位分布、发生原因、油品类型以及同期相关经济数据等方面进行综合性分析。研究结果表明:对海洋溢油事故资料的综合性分析可为新时期海洋溢油污染防控工作提供重要依据;研究期内有效统计海洋溢油事故共117次,溢油总量达到186105t;溢油事故数量整体呈现下降趋势,连续大规模溢油出现在1996—2005年;山东溢油事故的发生次数最多,广东溢油事故的溢油总量最大,福建和环渤海水域受灾点较多;船舶碰撞是溢油事故发生的主要原因,而非船舶性原因的海洋溢油过程更加难以控制,造成的社会经济损失巨大;柴油、燃油和原油为主要溢油油品,新时期海洋溢油油品向多元化转变。In order to protect the marine ecological environment of China and better carry out the prevention and control work of the marine oil spill pollution,this paper investigated and reorganized the data about marine oil spill accidents at 50 tand above during 1974—2018 in China′s coastal zone,and made a comprehensive analysis from the following aspects:frequency,scale,inter-annual change,location distribution,accident cause,oil type and relevant economic data of the same period.The results showed that:the comprehensive analysis of the marine oil spill accidents could provide an important basis for the prevention and controled work of the marine oil spill pollution.According to the effective statistics,a total of 117 oil spill accidents occurred in the 45 years,the quantities of overall spilt oil were 186105 t.The number of oil spill accidents showed a downward trend on the whole,with continuous large-scale oil spills occurred during 1996—2005.The oil spill accidents occured the most in Shandong Province but Guangdong Province had the largest quantity of spilt oil,there were more crisis attacked locations in Fujian Province and Bohai Sea water area.Ship collision was the primary cause for oil spill accidents,non-ship source oil spill was difficult to control and so had brought huge losses to social economy.Diesel,fuel and crude oil were the major oil spill products,and oil types changed from uniform to pluralism in the new period.

关 键 词：海洋溢油 溢油事故 溢油污染 船舶碰撞 

分 类 号：X55[环境科学与工程—环境工程]