湖北省1961-2012年大气稳定度、混合层厚度和大气环境容量系数的变化特征  

Variation Characteristics of Atmospheric Stability,Mixed Layer Thickness and Atmospheric Environmental Capacity Coefficient in Hubei Province During 1961-2012

作　　者：高媛[1] 任永建 吴蓉[3] Gao Yuan;Ren Yongjian;Wu Rong(Wuhan Regional Climate Center,Wuhan 430074,China;Hubei Meteorological Service Center,Wuhan 430074,China;Anhui Climate Center,Hefei 230031,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉区域气候中心,武汉430074 [2]湖北省气象服务中心,武汉430074 [3]安徽省气候中心,合肥230031

出　　处：《气象与环境科学》2020年第4期42-48,共7页Meteorological and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：湖北省气象局重点项目(2017Z03);中国气象局气候变化专项(CCSF201726)。

摘　　要：基于1961-2012年湖北省气象台站的定时观测资料,采用国标法对52年大气稳定度、混合层厚度和大气环境容量系数进行了计算,并结合空气质量逐日观测数据初步分析了湖北省大气环境容量对空气质量的影响。结果表明:湖北省大气稳定度以中性类居多,达45.3%,稳定类其次,不稳定类最少,分别为29.2%和25.5%;中性类频率有极其显著的下降趋势,而不稳定和稳定类则有极其显著的上升趋势;不稳定类在冬季出现频率较低,春、夏两季相对较高,而稳定类冬季频率最高。中性类稳定度频率日变化幅度较小,其余两类变化幅度较大。年平均混合层厚度为642.8 m,呈显著下降趋势,春夏季混合层厚度要高于秋冬季的。月变化中,最大值出现在4月、5月和7月,最小值出现在1月、11月和12月。湖北省江汉平原西部、南部和鄂东北北部大气环境容量系数最大,达14万km2/a,鄂西北西部、鄂西南中部为4万~8万km2/a。19612012年湖北省大气环境容量系数呈极其显著的下降趋势,其中鄂西北东部、江汉平原中东部和鄂东南东部下降最显著。2013年以来,武汉市的空气质量指数在明显好转,优良空气日在逐年增多。夏季大气混合层厚度较高,大气环境的自净能力和可容纳污染物总量均是最高的。The atmospheric stability,mixed layer thickness and atmospheric environmental capacity coefficient are calculated by using the 1961-2012 observation data in Hubei.The air quality index is also involved here to explore the relationship between the atmospheric environmental capacity and air quality.The results indicate that neutral type accounts for the highest proportion of atmospheric stability,reaching 45.3%,the second was the stable type,being 29.2%,and the least was the unstable type,25.5%.The neutral stability presents a noticeable decreasing trend while the other two types show an obvious increasing trend.The frequency of instability is relatively lower in winter than in spring and summer,but the frequency of stability in winter is the highest.The diurnal variation range of the neutral stability frequency is smaller than the ranges of the other two types.The annual mean atmospheric mixed layer thickness(AMLT)is 642.8 m,showing a visible declining trend with higher variation in spring and summer than that in the other two seasons.In the monthly variation,the maximum value of AMLT appears in April,May and July,but the minimum value tends to be in January,November and December.The atmospheric environmental capacity coefficient has obvious spatial differences with the highest value in the west and south of Jianghan plain and the northern part of Northeast Hubei,reaching 140,000 km2/a,while in the western part of Northwest Hubei and the central part of Southwest Hubei it is 40,00080,000 km2/a.From 1961 to 2012,the atmospheric environmental capacity coefficient of Hubei province is in a very noticeable downward trend,of which the most significant decline happens in the eastern part of Northwest Hubei,the middle-eastern Jianghan plain and the eastern part of Southeast Hubei.Since 2013,the air quality in Wuhan has improved significantly,and the number of good air days has been increasing year by year.During the summer time,the thickness of the atmospheric mixed layer is relatively high,and the self-purification and

关 键 词：大气稳定度 混合层厚度 大气环境容量 

分 类 号：X16[环境科学与工程—环境科学] X26