基于微波辐射计资料对武汉市冬季典型大雾个例的探测分析  

Analysis of Typical Winter Thick Fog Events in Wuhan Based on Microwave Radiometer Data

作　　者：方莎莎 陆鹏程 廖可文 吴芬 胡东平 张文刚[3] Fang Shasha;Lu Pengcheng;Liao Kewen;Wu Fen;Hu Dongping;Zhang Wengang(Wuhan Agrometeorological Experimental Station,Wuhan 430040,China;Wuhan National Basic Weather Station,Wuhan 430040,China;Hubei Key Laboratory for Heavy Rain Monitoring and Warning Research,Institute of Heavy Rain,CMA,Wuhan 430205,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉农业气象试验站,武汉430040 [2]武汉国家基本气象站,武汉430040 [3]中国气象局武汉暴雨研究所暴雨监测预警湖北省重点实验室,武汉430205

出　　处：《气象与环境科学》2020年第4期81-87,共7页Meteorological and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41620104009)。

摘　　要：为研究武汉地区不同降水情况下大雾天气的气温、液水含量和相对湿度层结特征,利用20162017年典型大雾个例的MP-3000A微波辐射计资料、常规探空资料、Micaps资料、地面观测资料,验证大雾天气时微波辐射计资料的可用性,分析垂直要素变化对大雾生消的影响。分析结果表明:微波辐射计对气温的反演效果比对相对湿度的反演效果更好,对比同时次微波辐射计反演结果与探空数据,两者气温与相对湿度的相关系数分别为0.96和0.72。相对湿度、液水含量的垂直变化与大雾的生消有较好对应。先降水后出现大雾时,大雾前后液水含量的变化主要集中在6 km以下,相对湿度在1 km以上各层变化较明显;对无降水出现和先大雾后降水的大雾天气,液水含量和相对湿度的变化主要集中在2 km以下。降水对雾的生消有双重影响,降水的蒸发可为雾形成提供水汽,同时降水的形成会消耗空气中的水汽,加速雾的消散。无论有无降水出现的大雾天气,1 km以下均存在饱和层。高空弱冷平流、较强的逆温、近地层充沛的水汽和较小的风速,是武汉冬季雾形成的重要气象条件。To study the stratification characteristics of temperature,liquid water content and relative humidity in fog weather under different precipitation conditions,this paper uses the MP-3000A microwave radiometer data,conventional sounding data,Micaps data and surface observation of typical fog events in 20162017 to validate the availability of microwave radiometer data and to analyze the effect of vertical changes of meteorological elements on heavy fog.The results suggest that the inversion effect of the temperature from the microwave radiometer data is better than that of relative humidity.Comparing the inversion result of the simultaneous microwave radiometer data and the sounding data,we see the correlation coefficients between temperature and relative humidity are 0.96 and 0.72,respectively.The vertical changes of relative humidity and liquid water content correspond well to the generation and elimination of fog.When fog is preceded by precipitation,the variation of liquid water content mainly ranges in the layer from 0 to 6 km height,while relative humidity changes obviously in the layers above 1 km.When fog occurs without precipitation or fog appears before precipitation,the variations of liquid water content and relative humidity are mainly in the layer below 2 km.Precipitation has double influences on the generation and dissipation of fog.On one hand,precipitation evaporation provides water vapor for the formation of fog,and on the other hand,precipitation consumes water vapor in the air and accelerates the dispersal of fog.There is a saturated layer with relative humidity close to 100%during heavy fog no matter whether there is precipitation or not.The weak cold advection on upper level and stronger temperature inversion as well as the slower wind speed and sufficient moisture near surface make up the important background for the formation of winter fog in Wuhan.

关 键 词：微波辐射计 雾 相对湿度 液水含量 

分 类 号：X16[环境科学与工程—环境科学]