城镇移民的幸福损失——基于期望水平理论的新解释  

The Loss of Rural-to-Urban Migrants'Happiness:A New Explanation Based on the Aspiration Level Theory

作　　者：陈飞[1] 苏章杰 CHEN Fei;SU Zhangjie(Dongbei University of Finance and Economics,Dalian,China)

机构地区：[1]东北财经大学经济学院,116025

出　　处：《经济学动态》2020年第9期75-95,共21页Economic Perspectives

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“土地确权影响农业资源配置的理论机制、效果评价及支持政策研究”(18BJY134);辽宁省“兴辽英才计划”项目(XLYC1804010)资助。

摘　　要：为解释现阶段我国农民工总量增速放缓与农民乡城迁移意愿减弱的原因,本文考察了迁移前后城镇移民主观幸福感的相对变化及其形成机制。我们首先利用2010年和2013年中国综合社会调查(CGSS)的截面数据与倾向得分匹配方法构建了一组两期面板数据集,用来解决迁移行为研究中存在的样本不匹配问题。然后基于双重差分回归分析迁移行为对城镇移民主观幸福感的因果效应。研究发现,尽管乡城迁移提高了移民的收入但却以幸福损失为代价。其中,高教育水平和异地迁移的城镇移民具有更高的幸福损失,且幸福损失不随迁移时间的延长而有所改善。进一步地,对幸福损失效应的OB分解结果表明,由期望水平调整所引致的收入对幸福感的边际效应减弱,是城镇移民幸福损失的一个来源,而自评社会阶层、社会公平感、社交活动和休息放松等幸福决定因素的绝对下降,是导致其幸福损失的另一重要原因。In an effort to explain the reasons behind the slowdown of the total growth rate of migrant workers and the decline of rural-urban migration willingness of rural residents,this paper investigates the relative changes of subjective well-being of migrants before and after migration and their contributing factors.First,a set of two-stage pseudo panel data sets is constructed by using cross-sectional data from the Chinese General Social Survey(CGSS)in 2010 and 2013 and the propensity score matching method,which can be used to tackle the problem of sample mismatch in the study of migration.On that basis,we evaluate the causal effect of migration on subjective well-being of migrants in cities based on the population migration theory and difference-in-difference method.We find that rural-urban migration increases the income of migrants but at the expense of happiness.Among them,migrants with higher education and those moving across cities have larger loss in happiness,and the happiness loss does not decrease with migration duration.In addition,the decomposition results of happiness loss show that the marginal effect of income on happiness is weakened due to the aspiration adjustment,which is an important source of happiness loss of urban migrants,and the absolute decline in the determinants of happiness,such as self-reported social stratum,sense of social justice,social activity and relaxation,is another important reason.

关 键 词：乡城迁移 幸福损失 双重差分 期望水平理论 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]