规则波作用下柔性植物蜂巢护岸水动力特性试验研究  

Experimental Study of the Hydrodynamics of Revetment Protection Using Honeycomb-Type,Flexible Plants Under the Action of Regular Waves

作　　者：张娜[1,2] 张金凤[1,3] 张庆河[1] 王一航[1] 张义丰 Zhang Na;Zhang Jinfeng;Zhang Qinghe;Wang Yihang;Zhang Yifeng(State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Simulation and Safety,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China;Key Laboratory of Engineering Sediment,Tianjin Research Institute for Water Transport Engineering,Ministry of Transport,Tianjin 300456,China;Key Laboratory of Earthquake Engineering Simulation and Seismic Resilience,China Earthquake Administration(EESSR),Tianjin University,Tianjin 300350,China)

机构地区：[1]天津大学水利工程仿真与安全国家重点实验室,天津300072 [2]交通运输部天津水运工程科学研究所工程泥沙交通行业重点实验室,天津300456 [3]天津大学中国地震局地震工程综合模拟与城乡抗震韧性重点实验室,天津300350

出　　处：《天津大学学报（自然科学与工程技术版）》2021年第5期441-449,共9页Journal of Tianjin University：Science and Technology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助项目(2016YFC0402605,2016YFC0402603);国家自然科学联合基金资助项目(U1906231);广东省水利创新科技项目(2017-17);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(TKS170203);天津市自然科学基金资助项目(17JCQNJC07300);天津市交通运输科技发展计划项目(2020-12).

摘　　要：将植物引入到生态护岸工程当中,利用植物削弱波浪、增强岸坡的稳定性,可以达到环境效益和经济效益兼得的效果.基于天津市水域岸坡的现场调研,选取坡度为1∶3.5的单式护岸断面,在波浪水槽中建立考虑盐生植物的蜂巢生态护岸断面模型,研究其在不同规则波要素作用下的波浪爬高、越浪、近底波生流、护岸稳定性状况.研究结果表明:植物蜂巢生态护岸有效削弱了来浪,使得波浪爬高最大降低40%和单宽平均越浪量衰减最大可达到90%以上,且植物密度越大,衰减越多;植物蜂巢生态护岸对波浪近底流速没有明显影响,近底流速随着植物密度增大还呈现略微增大的趋势;植物蜂巢生态护岸有效防护了岸坡,增大了波浪作用下护岸坡面的稳定性;综合考虑波浪爬高与植物单位密度植数、水深、平均入射波高、周期、波长等物理量之间的关系,拟合出能直接考虑不同植物密度的波浪爬高计算公式,并通过对物理模型试验组次的计算,验证了公式的可靠性.通过与其他经验公式对比,表明《港口与航道水文规范》推荐公式以及本文拟合公式都能在一定程度上反映波浪在柔性植物斜坡护岸上的爬高.Vegetation is introduced into the construction of ecological revetment projects to weaken waves and enhance the stability of bank slopes.This kind of ecological slope protection can contribute to tackling environmental issues,having both ecological and economic benefits.Following the field investigation of the revetments in Tianjinarea,a model of ecologically vegetated,honeycomb-type revetment with a slope of 1∶3.5 was selected and built inthe wave flume. Then,this model was used to study the wave run-up,wave overtopping,near-bed velocity,andthe stability of the slope under the action of various regular waves. Results show that the ecological,honeycomb-typerevetment effectively reduces the wave run-up height and the amount of wave overtopping. The maximum reduction ofwave run-up is 40% and the maximum reduction of average wave overtopping per unit width is more than 90%. It isshown that the higher the density of the plants,the greater the wave attenuation. The ecological,honeycomb-typeplant revetment has no obvious impact on the near-bottom velocity of waves. Moreover,near-bottom velocity showsa slight increasing trend with the increase in the plant density. The ecological,honeycomb-type plant revetment effectivelyprotects the bank slope and increases the stability of the revetment slope under the action of waves. The relationshipbetween the wave run-up and the plant density,water depth,average incident wave height,wave period,wavelength,and other physical quantities is considered. The empirical formula of wave run-up under the influence ofdifferent plant densities is proposed. The reliability of the formula is verified by the results of the physical model experiment.When compared with other empirical formulas,it is shown that the formula recommended in the standardof “Code of Hydrology for Harbour and Waterway” and the formula obtained in this paper can be used to calculate theheight of wave run-up on the revetment protection using flexible plants.

关 键 词：柔性植物 波浪爬高 越浪 物理模型 盐生植物 

分 类 号：U656.311[交通运输工程—港口、海岸及近海工程]