港口机械超大型构件焊接顺序规划研究  

Welding Sequence Planning for Port Machinery Large Welded Structures

作　　者：荆洪阳[1,2] 苗春龙 徐连勇[1,2] 韩永典[1,2] Jing Hongyang;Miao Chunlong;Xu Lianyong;Han Yongdian(School of Materials Science and Engineering,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China;Tianjin Key Laboratory of Modern Connection Technology,Tianjin 300072,China)

机构地区：[1]天津大学材料科学与工程学院,天津300072 [2]天津市现代连接技术重点实验室,天津300072

出　　处：《天津大学学报（自然科学与工程技术版）》2021年第4期435-440,共6页Journal of Tianjin University：Science and Technology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助项目(2017YFB1303300).

摘　　要：针对传统数值模拟方法在预测大型焊接结构的焊接变形时耗时长或不能考虑焊接顺序的问题,提出了可以应用于大型焊接结构变形的新数值模拟法即弹塑性固有应变有限元法.同热弹塑性有限元法与弹性固有应变有限元法比较可知,提出的弹塑性固有应变有限元法通过引入参考温差和屈服强度,可以在快速获得大型构件焊接变形的同时,对焊接顺序与焊接变形之间的关系进行直接分析.为了验证所提出的弹塑性固有应变有限元法在预测焊接变形时的有效性,首先以同一低碳钢T型接头为研究对象,分别使用了热弹塑性有限元法、弹塑性固有应变有限元法开展T型接头焊接形变的预测研究,比较数值模拟计算结果证明了提出的弹塑性固有应变有限元法的结果准确性.然后运用该方法对港口机械门机的门架底座箱梁进行了目标为焊接变形最小化的焊接顺序规划,在这个过程中根据实际工作情况提前设计了6种焊接顺序方案,研究了不同焊接顺序对结构焊接变形的影响,优选出了焊接变形最小的焊接顺序方案,证明了弹塑性固有应变有限元法可以应用于快速预测不同焊接顺序下大型焊接结构的焊接变形,从而据此进行焊接顺序规划.模拟计算结果表明,首先焊接门架底座箱梁底板上的焊缝可以显著减小结构的焊接变形.To address the problem that the traditional numerical simulation method takes a long time to predict the welding deformations of large welded structures and does not consider the welding sequence,in this research,a new prediction method called elastoplastic inherent strain finite element method(FEM)was developed to precisely predict the welding distortions of large welded structures.Compared with the thermo-elastoplastic FEM and elastic inherent strain FEM,the elastoplastic inherent strain FEM can predict the welding deformations of large welded structures rapidly while considering different welding sequences by introducing the reference temperature and yield strength.To verify the effectiveness of the proposed elastoplastic inherent strain FEM,the thermo-elastoplastic FEM and elastoplastic inherent strain FEM were used to predict the welding deformation of the same low-carbon steel T-joint.The comparison of the calculation results proves the effectiveness of the proposed method.Then,welding sequence planning for a portal frame girder with the goal of minimizing welding deformation was conducted.In this process,six welding sequence schemes were designed in advance on the basis of the actual working conditions,and different welding sequences were investigated.To determine the influence of the welding deformations of structures,the welding sequence scheme with the smallest welding deformation was selected,and the effectiveness of the elastoplastic inherent strain FEM was verified.The simulation results show that welding the base of the portal frame girder first can significantly reduce welding deformation.

关 键 词：焊接变形 焊接顺序规划 弹塑性有限元法 固有应变 

分 类 号：G404[文化科学—教育学原理]