语义地图模型观照下的英汉语双及物结构对比研究  

A contrastive analysis of English and Chinese ditransitive constructions from the perspective of semantic map

作　　者：张立飞 李恬[1,2] Zhang Lifei;Li Tian

机构地区：[1]宁波大学外国语学院,浙江宁波315211 [2]河南大学外语学院,河南开封475001

出　　处：《西安外国语大学学报》2020年第4期1-7,共7页Journal of Xi’an International Studies University

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“基于类比/平行语料库的英汉双及物结构对比研究”(项目编号:16BYY014)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：英语和汉语中均存在多个构式来表达双及物的概念,各个双及物构式均是一个多功能语言形式,表达多种"给予"概念,并能以语义地图方式呈现。英汉语中不同双及物构式在概念空间中所切割出来的空间都是连续的,符合语义地图连续性假说,进一步证明语言形式的语义扩展是渐进式的。就双及物构式所涵盖概念节点多寡来看,英语表达"给予"概念的优势构式是双宾构式,但汉语则是以"VP—给—NR—NT"为代表的与格构式。与英语相比,汉语的双及物构式更加多样,各构式所涵盖的概念节点多有重叠。尽管如此,汉语双及物的语义地图呈现出比较明显的规律性:1)从所涵盖的概念节点来看,多个间宾并齐的双及物构式可清晰地分为两组,即受益组和朝向组,每组中的构式都形成一个蕴含等级;2)每一扩展路径上的概念节点,从里往外,能与之结合的双及物构式的种类依次减少。In English and Chinese,there are several grammatical constructions to realize the semantics of the ditransitive con-struction.Each of these grammatical constructions is capable of denoting various kinds of"giving",which might be conven-iently depicted on a semantic map.As could be seen from the semantic maps of English and Chinese ditransitives,where the conceptual nodes covered by every grammatical construction are continual,the semantic map connectivity hypothesis is upheld,which is a further proof that the semantic extension of multi-functional grammatical unit is gradual.Judging from the number of conceptual nodes covered by the grammatical construction,the predominant way for denoting the concept of"giving"in Eng-lish is the double object construction,while that in Chinese the dative constructions exemplified by VP-gei-NR-NT.What’s more,as opposed to English,Chinese has more grammatical ditransitive constructions and the conceptual nodes these construc-tions covered overlap heavily.In spite of this,two regularities emerge from the semantic map of Chinese ditransitives:1)in terms of the conceptual nodes covered by each construction,the many indirectively aligned constructions could be divided into the benefactive group and the allative group,each of which forms an implicational hierarchy;and 2)moving outward along each extensional path,the number of grammatical constructions each conceptual node could attend to reduces.

关 键 词：双及物结构 概念空间 语义地图 语义地图连续性假说 

分 类 号：H030[语言文字—语言学]