条件推理:“演绎”与“概率”两种实验研究范式之比较  

Conditional Reasoning:The Comparison between the Two Experimental Research Approaches of“Deduction”and“Probability”

作　　者：胡笑羽 胡竹菁 Hu Xiaoyu;Hu Zhujing(Lab of Psychology and Cognition Science of Jiangxi,School of Psychology,Jiangxi Normal University,Nanchang 330022;Psychology Institute,Jiangxi Normal University,Nanchang 330022)

机构地区：[1]江西师范大学心理学院,江西省心理与认知科学重点实验室,南昌330022 [2]江西师范大学心理研究所,南昌330022

出　　处：《心理学探新》2020年第6期518-523,共6页Psychological Exploration

摘　　要：本研究通过推理心理学研究中的“演绎”和“概率”两种实验范式设计对同一个班级的大学生参与者(实验一中N=57,实验二中N=43)进行先后两次有关条件推理的实验研究后,得出如下主要结果:(1)推理者在对不同的“纯形式条件命题本身的认可度”以及对由它们各自建构的同类型推理题的推理结果之间的作答反应模式之间的差异都很小且具有较高的一致性;(2)对由不同的“含具体内容的假言命题”本身的认可度之间以及由它们建构的同类型条件推理题的推理结果之间具有较大的差异性;(3)推理者对“演绎”和“概率”两种不同实验范式分别建构的内容近似的推进题进行推理时具有大致相同的作答反应趋势。由此可以推论推理者在“概率推理实验范式”中的作答或推理结果可以被视为只是对“演绎推理实验范式”的相应推理题给出“概率解”的心理加工过程。The study used two different experimental approaches,“the deductive experimental approach”and“the probability experimental approach”,to research conditional reasoning pattern of human beings.Two experiments was designed in the study:“the probability experimental approach”was used in the first experiment and“the deductive experimental approach”was used in the second experiment used.Each experiment included same three parts:the reasoning test,rule judgment and sentence judgment.The subjects in the two experiments are the students in a same class,57 of them took part in the first experiment,3 weeks late,43 of them took part in the second experiment.The materials were been used in the second part of the two experiments include the same six“conditional(or hypothetical)propositions”,two of them belong to“the pure form”,and other four belong to“the real content”and were used in the experiment designed by Oaksford et al in 2000.Overall,themain findings indicated that:(1)The reasoners gave the same responds models for the two experiments when they solved the problems constructed by the two“the pure form propositions”:they gave high consistence acceptance between the two“the pure form propositions”and high consistence reasoning results between the same kinds of the four conditional reasoning forms which constructed by the two“the pure form propositions”;(2)The reasoners also gave the trends of same responds models for the two experiments when they solved the problems constructed by the four“real content propositions”,although there are high different acceptance between the four“real content propositions”in each experiment and high different reasoning results between the same kinds of the four“real content propositions”in each experiment.So we couldarrived at the conclusion that the reasoning results in“the probability experimental approach”are just give the“the probability result”by the reasoner for the same reasoning items presented in“the deductive experimenta

关 键 词：条件推理 条件推理的演绎推理实验范式 条件推理的概率推理实验范式 

分 类 号：B842.5[哲学宗教—基础心理学]