专利制度相关的伦理范畴之辨析  

Discussion on Ethical Category Related to Patent System

作　　者：刘鑫[1] LIU Xin(Center for Studies of Intellectual Property Rights,Zhongnan University of Economics and Law,Wuhan 430073)

机构地区：[1]中南财经政法大学知识产权研究中心,武汉430073

出　　处：《中国发明与专利》2020年第11期11-17,共7页China Invention & Patent

基　　金：教育部、国家外专局高等学校学科创新引智计划(111计划),项目编号B18058。

摘　　要：专利法律制度作为促进与保护技术创新活动的一项特殊制度安排,虽与伦理分属于不同的学科框架,但其与伦理之间的联系涉及制度理论与运行实践的方方面面。从伦理学的基本概念与类型出发,无论是侧重于理论问题的规范伦理学,还是专注于实践问题的应用伦理学,都与专利制度存在一定的关联。一方面,在规范伦理学的思想框架中,“道义论”与“功利论”两种不同的规范伦理理论分别从不同的角度给予专利制度以伦理基础;另一方面,在应用伦理的路径下,科技伦理、法律伦理、经济伦理等应用伦理类型都与专利制度密切相关。Patent legal system,as a special institutional arrangement for promoting and protecting technological innovation,belongs to the legal field which is different from ethics.But the relationship between patent system and ethics involves all aspects of patent system,including the basic theory and operating practice.On the basic concepts and types of ethics,no matter normative ethics which focus on theoretical issues,or applied ethics which focus on practical problems,are related to the patent system to a certain extent.On one hand,the two main normative ethical paths"deontology"and"utilitarianism"give the ethical basis to patent system from different perspectives.On another hand,several types of applied ethics,such as technological ethics,legal ethics and economic ethics,are closely related to patent system under the applied ethical framework.

关 键 词：专利伦理 道义论 功利论 科技伦理 法律伦理 经济伦理 

分 类 号：G306[文化科学]