经济知识系统化过程中经济理性的方法论意义——兼论经济理性的抽离与苏联范式的三重困境  

The Methodological Significance of Economic Rationality in the Process of Economic Knowledge Systematization——Also on the Withdrawal of Economic Rationality and the Triple Dilemma of the Soviet Paradigm

作　　者：张晖明[1] 任瑞敏 Zhang Hui-ming;Ren Rui-min(School of Economics,Fudan University,Shanghai 200433)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学经济学院,上海200433

出　　处：《经济纵横》2020年第12期1-10,F0002,共11页Economic Review Journal

摘　　要：自亚里士多德以来,科学知识的发现和系统化都是基于理性的方法论。近代自然科学的方法论革命直接影响了政治经济学的逻辑建构方式,表现在以经济理性为内核,打造了以假设—推理—检验为程式的形式逻辑和经验检验体系。然而,社会科学不具备自然科学研究对象的恒常性,决定了经济理性的限度。马克思为政治经济学植入了历史理性,引入辩证逻辑,大大提高了经济学的科学性。苏联在续写马克思主义政治经济学的过程中,继承了马克思的历史理性,但将经济理性作为资本主义经济学的标志而抽离,导致苏联范式在知识系统化方面陷入三重困境:命题前后不一致与自相矛盾;缺乏检验,抽离了理论进化的内生动力;在科学与实用之间的迷失。Since Aristotle,the discovery and systematization of scientific knowledge have been based on rational methodology.The methodological revolution of modern natural sciences directly affected the way of logical construction of political economy,manifested in the establishment of a formal logic and empirical test system with economic rationality as the core and the formulation of hypothesis-inference-testing.However,social science does not have the constancy of natural science research objects,which determines the limits of economic rationality.Marx implanted historical rationality into political economy and introduced dialectical logic,which greatly improved the scientific nature of economics.In the process of rewriting Marxist political economy,the Soviet Union inherited Marx’s historical rationality,but took economic rationality away as a symbol of capitalist economics.This approach caused the Soviet paradigm to fall into a triple dilemma in the systemization of knowledge:inconsistent and self-contradictory propositions;lack of testing,which removed the endogenous power of theoretical evolution;and lost between science and practicality.

关 键 词：政治经济学 系统化 经济理性 历史理性 方法论 

分 类 号：F0-02[经济管理—政治经济学]