2018年重庆市江北区中小学生近视发生危险因素分析  

Analysis of Risk Factors of Myopia in Primary and Secondary School Students in Jiangbei District of Chongqing in 2018

作　　者：唐斌 甘树发[2] TANG Bin;GAN Shufa(People's Hospital of Jiangbei District,Chongqing 400020,China;Centre Hospital of Fulin City,Chongqing 408000,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆市红十字会医院(江北区人民医院),重庆400020 [2]重庆市涪陵中心医院,重庆408000

出　　处：《预防医学情报杂志》2020年第12期1594-1599,共6页Journal of Preventive Medicine Information

基　　金：重庆市卫生计生委医学科研项目(项目编号:2017MSXM147)。

摘　　要：目的探讨江北区儿童青少年近视发生的影响因素。方法采用分层随机整群抽样的方法选择重庆市江北区在校中小学生作为研究对象,在2018-09/12期间,开展视力检测及问卷调查。采用SPSS 22.0软件进行t检验、秩和检验与χ2检验,分析儿童青少年的近视流行情况,同时采用二分类Logistic回归分析近视发生影响因素,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果调查的5040名学生中,小学生(6~11岁)1568名、初中生(12~15岁)1898名、高中生(16~18岁)1574名。在该人群中,近视总人数为526人(10.44%)。单因素分析结果显示:不同性别和民族的近视率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);不同年龄段近视率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);平均每天课后电子产品使用时间、平均每天看书时间、平均每天睡眠时间、平均每周户外活动时间、用眼习惯和光线环境与儿童青少年的近视发生有关(P<0.05);16~18岁年龄段的学生在课后使用电子产品人数及使用电子产品时间>1 h/d比例高于其他年龄阶段(P<0.05);使用电子产品的近视人群的屈光度及瞬目次数低于未使用电子产品的近视人群(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析结果显示,16~18岁、平均每天电子产品使用时间>1 h、平均每天看书时间≥2 h、有不良用眼习惯、处于光线差环境为儿童青少年近视发生的危险因素。结论随着年龄增长、平均每天课后电子产品使用时间、看书时间的延长、不良用眼习惯的养成使儿童青少年近视率逐渐上升,应适度减轻孩子学习压力、纠正不良用眼习惯、改善学生学习环境、加强眼部保健操、增加户外活动、减少电子产品过度使用,进而减少近视的发生,促进儿童青少年的健康成长。Objective To explore the influencing factors of myopia in children and adolescents in Jiangbei district of Chongqing.Methods Cluster stratified random sampling was adopted to select the school students in Jiangbei district of Chongqing as the participants,during September to December2018,vision examination and questionnaire survey was carried out.SPSS 22.0 software was used for t-test,ranksum test and Chisquare test,so as to analyze the prevalence of myopia in children and adolescents,and binary logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors.P<0.05,the differences was considered statistical significant.Results Total 5040 students were included in our study,with 1568 were primary school students(6-11 years old),1898 were middle school students(12-15 years old)and 1574 were high school students(16-18 years old).Results showed that 526(10.44%)students were myopia.Univariate analysis showed that there was no significant difference in myopia rate among different genders and nationalities(P>0.05).The myopia rate in different age groups was different which was statistical significant(P<0.01).The average daily time of using electronic products after class,daily reading time,daily sleeping time,weekly outdoor activity time,eye habits and light environment were related to myopia in children and adolescents(P<0.05).The number of students who where aged 16 to 18 used electronic products after class and used electronic products>1 h/d were significantly higher than that of other age groups(P<0.05).The diopter and blink times of nearsighted people who used electronic products were significantly lower than those who did not use electronic products(P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis results showed that the risk factors of myopia in children and adolescents were 16 to 18 years old;the average daily time of using electronic products was>1 h;the average daily reading time was≥2 h;the bad eye habits and kept in the poor light environment.Conclusion With the growing of age,time increasing of using electronic produ

关 键 词：近视 儿童 青少年 危险因素 防控措施 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]