阿尔茨海默病实验室诊断技术的研究进展  

Advance in diagnosis-testing technology of Alzheimer's disease

作　　者：车伯琛 阴慧娟[1] 吴金鹏[1] 李迎新[1] Che Bochen;Yin Huijuan;Wu Jinpeng;Li Yingxin(Institute of Biomedical Engineering,Chinese Academy of Medical Science&Peking Union Medical College,300192,China)

机构地区：[1]中国医学科学院生物医学工程研究所,天津300192

出　　处：《国际生物医学工程杂志》2020年第5期412-417,424,共7页International Journal of Biomedical Engineering

摘　　要：阿尔茨海默病(AD)是失智型神经退行性疾病,在老龄人口中发病率呈上升趋势,且预后不良,因此AD的早期诊断技术亟待提升。从神经心理评估、神经影像技术和生物标志物检测等分类诊断领域入手,具体介绍了简易智能状态量表、蒙特利尔认知评估量表、记忆与执行功能筛查量表、结构性MRI、功能性MRI、正电子发射计算机断层显像、基于MRI的人工智能分析以及β淀粉样蛋白(Aβ)、同型半胱氨酸、S100B蛋白、Aβ42、tau蛋白、尿液AD相关神经丝蛋白(AD7c-NTP)和视网膜Aβ斑含量测定等检测技术的临床应用特点,阐述了各自局限性,总结了技术的发展趋势。AD早期诊断体系的构建,需区分不同痴呆类型,并基于多模态诊断技术综合运用,方能提高筛查效率。Alzheimer's disease(AD)is a dementia-type neurodegenerative disease with an increasing incidence in elderly population and a poor prognosis.Therefore,the early diagnosis technology of AD urgently needs to be improved.In this paper,the laboratory diagnostic technologies of Alzheimer's disease were reviewed in the field of neuropsychological assessment,neuroimaging technology,and biomarker detection,including the simple intelligence state scale,the Montreal cognitive assessment scale,the memory and executive function screening scale,structural MRI,and functional MRI,positron emission computed tomography,MRI-based artificial intelligence analysis,andβamyloid(Aβ),homocysteine,S100B protein,Aβ42,tau protein,urine AD-related neurofilament protein(AD7c-NTP)and Aβplaques in the retinas.The limitations of these technologies were analyzed,and the development trends of the technologies were summarized.In order to improve the efficiency of AD screening,it is necessary to build an early diagnosis system for AD,in which multimodal diagnosis technology should be used to distinguish different types of AD.

关 键 词：阿尔茨海默病 诊断技术 早期诊断 

分 类 号：R749.16[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]