沼渣制备生物炭添加对小麦秸秆厌氧消化产气性能及微生物群落的影响  

Effect of Biochar-addition on Anaerobic Digestion Performance of Wheat Straw and Its Microbial Community Structure

作　　者：高健 李娟 左晓宇[1] 袁海荣[1] 刘研萍[1] 李秀金[1] GAO Jiao;LI Juan;ZUO Xiao-yu;YUAN Hai-rong;LIU Yan-ping;LI Xiu-jin(Center for Resource and Environmental Research, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China;Beijing Municipal Environmental Monitoring Cemter, Beiijing 100048, China)

机构地区：[1]北京化工大学环境科学与工程系,北京100029 [2]北京市环境保护监测中心,北京100048

出　　处：《中国沼气》2020年第6期14-20,共7页China Biogas

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划(2018YFC1900903)。

摘　　要：厌氧消化技术是利用有机废弃物制备可再生绿色能源重要手段,更是解决环境污染问题的重要途径之一,生物炭利用也是有效处理有机固体废弃物,解决环境污染的重要手段。文章结合了这两种方式协同处理小麦秸秆,采用批式厌氧消化实验装置,将不同温度下(400℃,500℃和600℃)制备的沼渣生物炭按照不同剂量(0%,5%,10%和15%)添加到反应装置中,探究其对小麦秸秆厌氧消化产气性能的影响。实验结果表明:所有添加了生物炭的实验组中小麦秸秆的产甲烷量均高于未添加生物炭的实验组。其中,在400℃制备条件下,添加5%的生物炭,时,小麦秸秆的单位VS产甲烷量和VS去除率最高,分别为297 mL·g-1VS和57.4%,比未添加组分别提高了40.1%和36.7%;与此同时,小麦秸秆厌氧消化系统中的细菌和古菌群落在水平上的优势菌种分别为Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1(18.5%)和Methanosaeta(69.2%)。因此,在小麦秸秆厌氧消化过程中添加沼渣生物炭,可作为提高小麦秸秆生物降解性和产甲烷性能的一种重要方式。Anaerobic digestion(AD)technology is an important method for producing renewable green energy from organic waste,and it is also one of the important ways to solve the problem of environmental pollution.The utilizing of biochar is also an important method for effectively treating organic solid waste and solving environmental pollution.This study combined these two green methods to treat wheat straw(WS),and a batch anaerobic digestion(AD)device was used.The biochar prepared at different temperatures(400°C,500°C,and 600°C)from biogas residue were added to the wheat straw AD reactors with different doses(5%,10%,and 15%)to investigating the AD performance of WS.The experimental results showed that the methane yields of WS in all the experimental groups added with biochar were higher than that of control group without biochar.Among them,the group added with biochar prepared under 400°C and with 5%addition obtained the highest unit VS methane production and VS removal rate of 297 mL·g-1VS and 57.4%,respectively,which were 40.1%and 36.7%higher than those of the control group.At the same time,the dominant bacterial and archaea communities in AD system were Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1(18.5%)and Methanosaeta(69.2%).Therefore,adding biogas residue biochar during AD process could be a way to improve biodegradability and methanogenic performance of WS.

关 键 词：小麦秸秆 生物炭 厌氧消化 甲烷 优势菌 

分 类 号：S216.4[农业科学—农业机械化工程] X712[农业科学—农业工程]