我国区际刑事司法协助中境外证据的采纳:现状与完善  

Acceptance of Overseas Evidence in Interregional Criminal Judicial Assistance in China: Current Situation and Improvement

作　　者：唐彬彬 TANG Binbin

机构地区：[1]中国人民公安大学法学院,北京100038

出　　处：《公安学研究》2020年第5期54-67,124,共15页Journal of Public Security Science

基　　金：中国人民公安大学2019年基础科研费项目“刑事科学技术应用中的法律问题研究”(2019JKF408)。

摘　　要：我国内地与港澳台地区是一个主权国家内四个独立的法域,拥有不同的刑事司法系统与证据制度。在区际刑事司法协助中,各地区法院对境外证据的审查,涉及证据收集地与证据使用地的相关规定,由此产生区际法律冲突问题。如何妥善解决该问题,走完区际刑事司法协助的"最后一里路",是现阶段完善我国区际刑事司法协助的重要内容。我国试图在证据收集阶段,将使用地规则作为证据收集准据法。但该规定并不具备强制性。在实践中,各地区法院对境外证据的采纳可归纳为不予审查、部分审查、严格审查三种模式。结合域外经验与我国区际刑事司法协助的实际需求,采用利益衡量方式,设置"以证据收集地规定为主、证据使用地规定为辅"的审查机制具有可行性。此外,还应当从统一证据的收集格式,保障被追诉人辩护权,强化证人出庭作证的安排入手,多维度保障跨境刑事案件中被追诉人的诉讼权利。Chinese Mainland and Hong Kong,Macao and Taiwan regions of China are four independent jurisdictions in a sovereign country,which is characterized by different criminal justice systems and evidence rules. When the court reviews the evidence transferred through interregional criminal judicial assistance,different criminal justice systems and evidence rules result in legal conflicts. Therefore,how to solve this problem properly,and walk through the "last mile"of interregional criminal judicial assistance is an important part of improving interregional criminal judicial assistance in China. In order to solve the problem of evidence adoption,we try to take the forum law as the applicable law of evidence collection. However,this provision is not mandatory.In the use of evidence,there are three modes for the examination of overseas evidence: no examination,partial examination and strict examination. Combined with the experience of other countries and the actual needs of interregional criminal judicial assistance in China,it is feasible to set up a new mechanism by means of interest measurement,based on where evidence is collected and where evidence is used. In addition,the court should unify the form of evidence retrieval,protect the right to defense of the accused and strengthen the arrangement of witnesses to testify in court to protect litigation rights of the accused in cross-border criminal cases in multiple perspective.

关 键 词：区际刑事司法协助 证据采纳 证据排除 准据法 

分 类 号：D925.204[政治法律—诉讼法学]