野生与流水养殖齐尔白鲑肌肉营养成分比较分析  

Comparative Analysis of Nutrient Composition in Muscles Between Wild and Flowing-water Farmed Broad Whitefish Coregonus nasus

作　　者：张钰[1] 蔡林钢[1] 程先友[1] 咸玉兰[1] 王赛 ZHANG Yu;CAI Lingang;CHENG Xianyou;XIAN Yulan;WANG Sai(Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Fishery Resources and Environment in Northwest China,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Fishery Research Institute,Urumqi 830000,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆维吾尔自治区水产科学研究所,农业农村部西北地区渔业资源环境科学观测实验站,新疆乌鲁木齐830000

出　　处：《水产学杂志》2020年第6期7-13,共7页Chinese Journal of Fisheries

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区科技计划资助(2017B01004-1).

摘　　要：本实验测定和分析比较了平均体质量(1740.17±133.23)g流水养殖和赛里木湖平均体质量(1152.93±126.13)g的野生齐尔白鲑Coregonus nasus(Pallas)肌肉常规营养成分、氨基酸和脂肪酸组成以及矿物元素的含量,旨在了解野生与流水养殖的齐尔白鲑营养价值的差异,为其开发利用提供参考。结果表明:流水养殖的齐尔白鲑肌肉粗蛋白、粗脂肪含量略高于野生齐尔白鲑,水分含量则略低,差异不显著(P>0.05)。流水养殖的齐尔白鲑肌肉中氨基酸、必需氨基酸、半必需氨基酸、非必需氨基酸和鲜味氨基酸含量均高于野生群体,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。在野生齐尔白鲑肌肉中共检测到26种脂肪酸,而在养殖的齐尔白鲑肌肉中未检测到十三碳酸。养殖的齐尔白鲑肌肉中总脂肪酸含量和多不饱和脂肪酸含量极显著高于野生齐尔白鲑(P<0.01),而后者肌肉中EPA+DHA含量则显著高于养殖的齐尔白鲑(0.01<P<0.05)。养殖的齐尔白鲑肌肉中磷、钾、锌含量高于野生齐尔白鲑,差异显著(0.01<P<0.05)。野生和养殖的齐尔白鲑肌肉中钙、硒差异极显著(P<0.01),养殖的齐尔白鲑肌肉中钙含量丰富,而野生齐尔白鲑硒含量较丰富。Composition and contents of approximate nutrient,amino acid,fatty acid and mineral elements in muscles were analyzed and compared between wild sampled from Sayram Lake;body weight of(1152.93±126.13)g and flowing-water farmed with body weight of(1740.17±133.23)g broad whitefish Coregonus nasus(Pallas)to understand the nutritional value of wild and flowing-water farmed broad whitefish and to provide reference for the development and utilization of broad whitefish.The results showed that the farmed broad whitefish had slightly higher contents of crude protein and crude fat and lower moisture than the wild broad whitefish did(P>0.05).There were higher contents of total amino acids,essential amino acids,semi-essential amino acids,non-essential amino acids and delicious amino acids in farmed broad whitefish than those in wild populations,without significant differences(P>0.05).26 fatty acids were found in wild broad whitefish,and ficocerylic acid was not detected in farmed one.The contents of total fatty acids and total polyunsaturated fatty acids were found to be significantly higher in the muscles of farmed broad whitefish than those in wild broad whitefish(P<0.01),significantly higher sum contents of eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA)and docosahexaenoic acid(DHA)in muscles of the wild broad whitefish than that in the farmed one(0.01<P<0.05).The farmed broad whitefish had significantly higher contents of phosphorus,potassium,and zinc in muscles than the wild one did(0.01<P<0.05),with very significant differences in contents of calcium and selenium between wild and farmed broad whitefish(P<0.01),indicating that the farmed broad whitefish is rich in calcium,and that the wild is rich in selenium.

关 键 词：齐尔白鲑 肌肉 营养成分 流水养殖 

分 类 号：S965.199[农业科学—水产养殖]