果木屑腐熟物对平邑甜茶幼苗生长和土壤养分及酶活性的影响  

Effects of Decomposed Fruit Sawdust on Seedling Growth of Malus Hupehensis and Soil Nutrient and Enzyme Activity

作　　者：牟立同 荀咪 曹辉 杨洪强[1] 王利[2] 范伟国[1] 陈金旭 冯丰 李萍 MU Li-tong;XUN Mi;CAO Hui;YANG Hong-qiang;WANG Li;FAN Wei-guo;CHEN Jin-xu;FENG Feng;LI Ping(College of Horticultural Science and Engineering/Shandong Agricultural University,Tai'an 271018,China;Forestry College of Shandong Agricultural University,Tai'an 271018,China)

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院,山东泰安271018 [2]山东农业大学林学院,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《山东农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2020年第6期1027-1031,共5页Journal of Shandong Agricultural University：Natural Science Edition

基　　金：苹果优质高效生产关键技术研究与示范项目(2014BAD16B02);国家自然科学基金(31372016)。

摘　　要：以平邑甜茶幼苗为试材,采用盆栽方法,探究利用果树枝碎屑与菌渣及禽畜粪等有机物自制果木屑腐熟物对土壤有效养分、酶活性以及平邑甜茶根系和地上部生长的影响,以期为果树枝条等果园废弃物的合理利用以及拓展果园有机肥源提供参考。结果表明:施用果木屑腐熟物均可提高土壤养分含量和土壤脲酶、磷酸酶以及蔗糖酶活性。RJ(鸡粪与果木屑共发酵腐熟物)对提高土壤TOC(总有机碳)、碱解氮和有效钾含量效果明显,分别比对照高12.24、1.31和1.92倍。各处理中,土壤脲酶、磷酸酶和蔗糖酶活性提高均以RJ为最高,与对照相比,土壤脲酶、磷酸酶和蔗糖酶分别提高了33.13%、12.24%和93.07%。果木屑腐熟物还可以改善平邑甜茶幼苗根系构型,促进平邑甜茶幼苗生长。RP(腐熟果木屑)可促进平邑甜茶幼苗根系总长度、平均直径以及根尖数量增加;RJ对根系表面积、体积以及分形维数的增加更为显著。并且RP和RJ的根系活力相对较高。施入RJ、RN及RP后平邑甜茶幼苗生长状况基本一致。RJ和RP对平邑甜茶幼苗株高和径粗的生长,促进分支的粗度和长度的增长效果明显,RN效果稍差。试验显示,RJ和RP均明显增加土壤有机质含量,并提高土壤酶活性,改善根系构型,增强根系活力,促进平邑甜茶幼苗新梢和根系的生长。Using the seedlings of Malus hupehensis(Pamp)Rehd.as the test material,we investigate the effects of soil nutrient availability,enzyme activity and root and ground growth of M.hupehensis(Pamp)Rehd.with the organic matter such as fruit tree branch debris,bacteria residue and livestock manure by the potting method.The results showed that soil nutrient content and soil urease,phosphatase and sucrase activities were increased by applying fruit sawdust.RJ(chicken manure and fruit wood co-fermented decomposed material)had obvious effects on increasing soil TOC(total organic carbon),alkali nitrogen and available potassium,which were 12.24,1.31 and 1.92 times higher than that of the control group,respectively.In each treatment,soil urease,phosphatase and sucrase activity increased by RJ as the highest,compared with the control,soil urease,phosphatase and sucrase increased by 33.13%,12.24%and 93.07%,respectively.Fruit wood chip decomposed vegetables can also improve the root system configuration of M.hupehensis(Pamp)Rehd.seedlings and promote the growth of M.hupehensis(Pamp)Rehd.seedlings.RP(decomposed fruit wood chips)can promote the total length,average diameter and number of root tips of M.hupehensis(Pamp)Rehd.seedlings;RJ increases the root surface area,volume and fractal dimension more significantly.And the root activity of RP and RJ is relatively high.The growth of M.hupehensis(Pamp)Rehd.seedlings was basically the same after the application of RJ,RN and RP.The growth effect of RJ and RP on height and diameter of seedling and branches of M.hupehensis(Pamp)Rehd.was obvious and the RN effect was slightly worse.The results show that RJ and RP can significantly increase soil nutrient content and soil enzyme activity,improve root architecture,enhance root activity,and promote shoot and root growth of M.hupehensis(Pamp)Rehd.seedlings.

关 键 词：平邑甜茶 果木屑腐熟物 根系构型 养分含量 酶活性 

分 类 号：S571.1[农业科学—茶叶生产加工]