认知人类学语法论及汉语-英语思维现象  

Cognitive Anthropological Linguistics and Thinking Pattern

作　　者：何勇 王海龙(译)[2] HE Yong;WANG Hailong(Translator)(不详)

机构地区：[1]纽约大学 [2]纽约哥伦比亚大学

出　　处：《中国矿业大学学报（社会科学版）》2021年第1期105-140,共36页Journal of China University of Mining & Technology(Social Sciences)

摘　　要：语言跟认知和思维间有着内在关联,这一点几乎所有语言学家都不否认。但在汉语与英语表述和思维的关系上,它们有何异同是近半个世纪以来中外语言学家都关注的一个焦点。语言学界曾经认为汉语是一种话题倾向性突出的语言,而英语和其他印欧语系的语言则属于主语倾性向突出的语言。在两种语言发生及认知表述的伊始,为什么会产生这种不同?上述问题仅仅语言学家是不能回答的,它不止是语法和句法研究的话题而且是深入到话语-文本研究和人类交流行为研究。对它的回答需要人类学家甚至认知行为学家的参与。人类语言学家何勇先生从上述宏观和微观的话题入手,进行了大量的田野工作和比较语言学的研究,研究表明,主语突出型语言的句子类型已被语言的规定性固化,在语用层面已被编码成可接受的句子。汉语是话题突出型语言,在语言交流中,人们首要考虑的是主题而非如何遣词造句。其结果是主题和述题之间结构松散且缺少句法上的联系,这是汉语语言交流中较多“打结”现象的原因。Although opinions differ as to the causality,linguists generally agree that there is an intrinsic connection between language and thought.A point of interest among Chinese and Western linguists during the last half century has been on the similarities and differences between Chinese and English in expression and the thinking process.Linguists are inclined to accept the assertion that Chinese is a topic-prominent language,whereas English and other Indo-European languages are subject-prominent languages.However,this conclusion is not the end of the issue but rather the beginning of it.It takes more than linguists to address the question why these two languages differ in expression and the thinking process,as the answer goes beyond grammar and syntax into the realm of discourse,which involves the study of both the text and human communication.The answer to the question requires the participation of anthropologists and even cognitive behaviorists.Starting from these macro and micro topics,the anthropological linguist He Yong conducted extensive fieldwork and contrastive language studies,ranging from the grammar and syntax research of Chinese and English to cognitive linguistic research,thus advancing the studies of this topic and shedding light on the inner workings of Chinese and English.

关 键 词：语言分析 话题句 主题与主语 思维方式 “打结”现象 话语与认知 

分 类 号：H0-05[语言文字—语言学]