纯电动SUV的RCAR低速结构正面碰撞仿真及优化  

Simulation and optimization of frontal collision of the RCAR low-speed structure for pure electric SUV

作　　者：都雪静[1] 陈占丽 DU Xue-jing;CHEN Zhan-li(School of Traffic and Transportation,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040)

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学交通学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150040

出　　处：《机械设计》2020年第11期33-41,共9页Journal of Machine Design

基　　金：国家自然基金青年基金资助项目(51108068);中央高校专项资金项目(2572017DB01);国家重点研发计划重点专项(2017YFC0803901);黑龙江省交通运输厅项目(E201350)。

摘　　要：为研究某款纯电动SUV低速正面碰撞耐撞性能,提高其保险等级,根据欧洲的RCAR低速碰撞测试规程,应用ANSA软件建立纯电动SUV低速结构正面碰撞有限元模型;利用LS-DYNA和Hyper View软件分析该电动车SUV前端关键部件的变形和吸能情况,针对其耐撞性不足的问题,从提高其刚度和强度方面进行结构和参数优化。结果表明:前端关键部件的耐撞性整体有所提高,吸能盒吸能和变形均明显改善,且吸能盒的压缩距离为111.8 mm,该值接近防撞梁距离风扇和其安装板的最小距离110 mm,对风扇的挤压明显减小,前纵梁的塑性变形由45.41%降低为12.52%。并针对优化后吸能盒压缩距离和前纵梁塑性变形不满足RCAR测试要求问题,应用多目标优化方法对关键部件的整体厚度进行进一步优化,结果表明:优化后吸能盒的压缩距离为105.44 mm,前纵梁的塑性变形为5.04%,达到RCAR测试要求,前端结构的耐撞性提高了,并且达到了轻量化的效果。In order to explore the low-speed frontal-collision crashworthiness of pure electric SUV and improve its insurance level,in this article,according to the European RCAR low-speed crash test procedure,the ANSA software is used to set up the low-speed frontal-collision finite-element model for pure electric SUV;by means of the LS-DYNA and Hyper View software,the analysis is conducted on the deformation and energy absorption of the key components of the front end of electric SUV. For the problem of insufficient crashworthiness,the structure and parameters are optimized from the aspects of rigidity and strength. The results show that the crashworthiness of the key components of the front end improves as a whole,the energy absorption and deformation obviously improve,and the compression distance of the energy-absorption box is 111. 8 mm,which is close to the minimum distance of 110 mm between the anticollision beam on one hand and the fan and its mounting plate on the other hand. As a result,the extrusion exerted on the fan significantly reduces. The plastic deformation of the front longitudinal beam reduces from 45. 41% to 12. 52%. Since after optimization,both the compression distance of the energy-absorption box and the plastic deformation of the front longitudinal beam fail to satisfy the the RCAR test requirements,the multi-objective optimization is applied to further optimize the overall thickness of the key components. The results show that the RCAR test requirements are met finally,the compression distance of the energy absorbing box is 105. 44 mm,the plastic deformation of the front longitudinal beam is 5. 04%,and the front end has a higher standard of crashworthiness and lightweight effect.

关 键 词：碰撞安全性 电动SUV 前端结构:RCAR低速碰撞 仿真分析 结构优化 

分 类 号：X951[环境科学与工程—安全科学]