新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间幼儿居家心理状态的网络调查  

Online survey of children’s psychological state at home during the COVID-19 epidemic

作　　者：马天宇[1] 杜亚松[2] 王伟杰[1] 程永琛 何文婕 MA Tianyu;DU Yasong;WANG Weijie(Shanghai Pudong Institute of Education Development,Shanghai 200125,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市浦东教育发展研究院,200125 [2]上海交通大学医学院附属精神卫生中心 [3]上海市浦东新区金囡幼儿园

出　　处：《中国健康心理学杂志》2020年第12期1842-1847,共6页China Journal of Health Psychology

摘　　要：目的:调查新型冠状病毒肺炎(简称新冠肺炎)疫情对幼儿居家时期心理状态,为疫情后幼儿尽早回归正规生活提供建议,并为有关部门制定和实施相关的幼儿心理健康干预政策提供依据。方法:本研究为横断面研究,采用自行设计的网络问卷,于2020年3月14-16日通过网络调查幼儿园家长,收集3~6岁孩子的情绪、人际关系、日常作息、未来展望等信息。对一般情况采用描述统计,计数资料采用χ^2检验,计量资料采用t检验及方差分析,并运用相关进行统计分析。结果:共收集有效问卷2341份,其中2180名幼儿(93.1%)情绪总体状况良好,1690名幼儿(72.2%)亲子关系在疫情期间更融洽,不同年级孩子与家人关系融洽度的差异有统计学意义(χ^2=11.716,P<0.05)。幼儿电子屏幕暴露时间在不同年级之间、不同陪伴者之间的差异有统计学意义(F=3.256,3.507;P<0.05),幼儿每天运动时间、睡眠时间、学习时间在不同年级之间差异都具有统计学意义(F=6.585,P<0.05),幼儿的学习兴趣和自理能力在不同的陪伴者之间差异都具有统计学意义(F=8.489,χ^2=51.44;P<0.05),83.85%的幼儿期待回到幼儿园,对回学校的期待随着年龄段的增长逐步递增(r=-0.132,P<0.001)。结论:疫情期间幼儿情绪状态良好,亲子关系更融洽,师生的互动频率越高孩子和教师的关系融洽度越高;幼儿作息较为规律,睡眠时间和电子屏幕暴露时间增加,户外活动时间减少;疫情期间幼儿三大心理需求分别是:玩耍、与同龄玩伴交流和归属集体。父母的陪伴对幼儿情绪、时间管理、自理能力、学习兴趣等方面有积极的影响。Objective:To investigate the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on young children’s home life,to provide advice for the early return of children’s lives after the epidemic,and to provide a basis for related departments to further develop and implement related early childhood mental health intervention policies.Methods:This study was a cross-sectional study,using self-designed electronic questionnaires,to survey kindergarten parents through the internet from March 14 th to March 16 th,2020,collecting 3~6 year-old children’s emotions,interpersonal relationships,daily routine,future outlook and other information.Descriptive statistics were used for general situations,Chi-square-test was used for count data,t-test and analysis of variance were used for measurement data,and correlation was used for statistical analysis.Results:A total of 2341 valid questionnaires were collected,of which 2180 infants(93.1%)were in a good overall emotional state,and 1690 infants(72.2%)had better parent-child relationships during the epidemic.The differences in the rapport between the children of different grades and their families were statistically significant(χ^2=11.716,P<0.05).The difference in the exposure time of children’s electronic screens between different grades and companions was statistically significant(F=3.256,3.507;P<0.05),and the daily exercise time,sleep time,and learning time of children were statistically significant among different grades(F=6.585,P<0.05),children’s learning interest and self-care ability were significantly different between different companions(F=8.489,χ^2=51.44,P<0.05),83.85%of children expected to return to kindergarten,and the expectation of returning to school varied with age.Growth gradually increased(r=-0.132,P<0.001).Conclusion:During the epidemic,young children are in a good emotional state,and the parent-child relationship is more harmonious.The higher the frequency of teacher-student interaction,the higher the rapport between the child and the teacher.During the epidemic,the child�

关 键 词：幼儿 心理状态 网络调查 新型冠状病毒肺炎 居家 

分 类 号：R395.6[哲学宗教—心理学]