论我国环境公民诉讼制度的属性及其程序矫正  

On the attribute and procedure correction of environmental citizen litigation system in China

作　　者：辛帅 XIN Shuai(Law School,Qingdao University of Science and Technology,Qingdao 266061,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛科技大学法学院,山东青岛266061

出　　处：《青岛科技大学学报（社会科学版）》2020年第4期79-89,共11页Journal of Qingdao University of Science and Technology(Social Sciences)

基　　金：青岛市社会科学规划项目(QDSKL1801165)。

摘　　要：环境公民诉讼是对公民或公民组织作为原告提起的环境公益诉讼的学理简称,而我国立法将其属性错误地设定为环境公益侵权诉讼。此种错误属性设定的理论基础有二,分别是以环境权为基础的诉权基础理论和将环境公益责任属性认定为民事责任的理论判断。这二者都存在根本性错误。环境公民诉讼的诉权基础应是宪法监督权,环境公益责任的属性应是行政责任。在对这两项理论基础进行辨析与矫正后,应将环境公民诉讼的属性从环境公益侵权诉讼矫正为环境公益监督诉讼,即环境公益司法审查诉讼。此外,针对现有的环境公民诉讼制度程序设置存在的载体错择、与行政执法程序脱节等问题,应将程序载体更改为行政公益诉讼,并完善行政管辖优先原则与规则的相关规定。Environmental citizen litigation is the academic abbreviation of environmental public interest litigation brought by citizens or citizen organizations as plaintiffs.China’s legislation wrongly sets its attribute as environmental public interest tort litigation.There are two theoretical bases for the setting of this kind of wrong attribute,namely the basic theory of the right of action based on environmental rights and the theoretical judgment of identifying the attribute of environmental public interest liability as civil liability.However there is something fundamentally wrong with the both.The basis of the right of action of environmental citizen should be the constitutional right of supervision,and the attribute of environmental public interest liability should be the administrative liability.After analyzing and correcting the two theoretical bases,the attribute of environmental citizen litigation should be corrected from environmental public interest tort litigation to environmental public interest supervision litigation,namely environmental public interest judicial review litigation.In addition,for the problems of platform selection error and disconnection from the procedure of administrative law enforcement in the existing environmental citizen litigation system,we should change the procedure platform into the administrative public interest litigation,and improve the relevant provisions of the priority principle of administrative jurisdiction and rules.

关 键 词：环境公民诉讼 环境民事公益诉讼 行政公益诉讼 环境公益监督诉讼 行政管辖优先原则 

分 类 号：D925.3[政治法律—诉讼法学]