西安市学龄儿童的居住环境对睡眠时间影响的通径分析  

The pathway analysis of the effects of living environment on sleep duration of school-aged children in Xi’an

作　　者：常玲[1] 张锋[1] 刘萍[1] 赵永钢[1] 孙巧莺[1] 栾阳[1] CHANG Ling;ZHANG Feng;LIU Ping;ZHAO Yonggang;SUN Qiaoying;LUAN Yang(Xi’an Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi’an 710054, China)

机构地区：[1]西安市疾病预防控制中心,陕西西安710054

出　　处：《西安交通大学学报（医学版）》2021年第1期158-162,共5页Journal of Xi’an Jiaotong University（Medical Sciences）

基　　金：中央财政专项资助项目(No.SNHJ01)。

摘　　要：目的描述西安市学龄儿童的睡眠时间和居住环境现状,综合分析居住环境对儿童睡眠时间的影响,为改善儿童睡眠状况提供参考意见。方法采用整群抽样,分别从西安市选取1个周边农村和2个城区共82户家庭,通过问卷调查和室内环境采样收集相关数据,采用构成比进行统计描述,采用因子分析和通径分析进行统计分析。结果西安市学龄儿童睡眠时间不足8 h的占50.0%。儿童居住环境的主要超标因素为低湿度超标率26.8%,CO2超标率为21.3%,温度超标率为5.5%,PM10超标率为4.3%,菌落总数超标率为1.8%。通径分析结果显示,影响儿童睡眠时间的因素从大到小依次为夜间有强光源(1.031)、有电脑(0.549)、压力(0.444)、养宠物(0.408)、距离机动车道的距离(-0.390)、加湿器(-0.219)、种盆栽(0.138)、室内环境因子(0.098)、楼层(0.039)。结论西安市学龄儿童睡眠时间相对不足,其居住环境的污染应重点关注湿度、CO2、温度、PM10和菌落总数。对儿童睡眠时间有积极影响的因素有良好的室内环境、加湿器、远离机动车道及低楼层,对儿童睡眠时间有消极影响的因素有压力、夜间强光源、养宠物、电脑以及种植盆栽。Objective To describe the current situation of sleep duration and living environment of school-aged children so as to analyze the effects of the living environment on sleep duration comprehensively and provide advice for improving children’s sleep duration.Methods By cluster sampling,82 families were selected from 1 rural and 2 urban areas in Xi’an.Data were collected by questionnaire survey and environmental sampling.Proportion was used for statistical description,and factor analysis and pathway analysis were used for statistical analysis.Results 50.0%of the school-aged children in Xi’an slept less than 8 hours.Pollution was mainly caused by lower humidity,CO2,temperature,PM10 and aerobic bacterial count,their standard-exceeding rates being 26.8%,21.3%,5.5%,4.3%and 1.8%,respectively.The results of path analysis showed that the influencing factors were as follows in a descending order:strong night light(1.031),presence of the computer(0.549),pressure(0.444),pets(0.408),distance from the driveway(-0.390),humidifier(-0.219),potted plants(0.138),indoor environment factors(0.098),and the floor level(0.039).Conclusion The sleep duration of school-aged children in Xi’an is relatively inadequate.More attention should be paid to indoor humidity,CO2,temperature,PM10 and aerobic bacterial count.The children’s sleep duration is positively correlated with a good indoor environment,humidifier,being away from the driveway,and low floor level,but is negatively correlated with pressure,strong night light,keeping pets,using computer and potted plants.We need to pay more attention to these factors to improve the sleep quality of school-aged children.

关 键 词：学龄儿童 睡眠时间 居住环境 通径分析 

分 类 号：R126.8[医药卫生—环境卫生学]