论司马迁《史记·吕太后本纪》中的史家笔法  

Historical Writing Techniques of SIMA Qian in Annals of Empress Dowager LYU

作　　者：戴倩倩 曲景毅[1] DAI Qianqian;QU Jingyi(School of Humanities - Chinese, Nanyang Technological University of Singapore, Singapore 639818)

机构地区：[1]新加坡南洋理工大学中文系,新加坡639818

出　　处：《信阳师范学院学报（哲学社会科学版）》2021年第1期15-19,共5页Journal of Xinyang Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目(19ZDA027)。

摘　　要：《吕太后本纪》是《史记》中的名篇,司马迁在本传中展现出超高的史家笔法。一是使用表现男性的“刚毅”之词来形容吕雉的个性品质;二是通过“互见法”,记述吕雉的3次流泪,皆有功利目的,以此将人物具象化;三是通过具体描写毒害戚夫人以及“召惠帝观人彘”事件,深层剖解吕雉的狠毒之心及有负为人之母的德行;四是“太史公曰”中的论赞,显示出司马迁对吕雉当权时期政绩的“寓贬于褒”以及对外戚之祸的批判。SIMA Qian showed superb historical writing techniques in Annals of Empress Dowager LYU,a chapter in his Records of the Grand Historian.First,SIMA Qian used masculine words to describe the manliness of LYU Zhi.Second,through the writing method of"cross-reference",SIMA Qian narrated the three incidents in which Empress Dowager LYU wept for the purpose of fame and power,thus making her literary image more vivid.Third,by elaborating on how Empress Dowager LYU tortured Consort Qi and required Emperor Hui to witness Consort Qi as a"human hog",SIMA Qian delved into the cruelty of Empress Dowager LYU as a mother.Fourth,in the last comment of the Annals,SIMA Qian put Empress Dowager LYU's achievements into depreciation method and criticized the disaster posed by relatives of the ruler.

关 键 词：《史记·吕太后本纪》 吕雉 司马迁 史家笔法 

分 类 号：K204.2[历史地理—中国史]