基于地质建造的生态地质调查方法——以河北省承德市国家生态文明示范区综合地质调查为例  

The eco-geological survey based on geological formation,exemplified by integrated geological survey of National Ecological Civilization Demonstration Area in Chengde City,Hebei Province

作　　者：王京彬[1,2] 卫晓锋 张会琼[1] 甘凤伟[1] WANG Jingbing;WEI Xiaofeng;ZHANG Huiqiong;GAN Fengwei(Beijing Institute of Geology for Mineral Resources,Beijing 100012,China;Research Center for Green Evaluation of Mineral Resources,CGS,Beijing 100012,China)

机构地区：[1]北京矿产地质研究院,北京100012 [2]中国地质调查局矿产资源绿色评价中心,北京100012

出　　处：《中国地质》2020年第6期1611-1624,共14页Geology in China

基　　金：中国地质调查局项目(DD20160229-01,DD20190822)资助。

摘　　要：生态地质(学)是研究生态与地质环境相互关系及作用机理的科学。通过"承德市国家生态文明示范区综合地质调查"项目的实践,探索总结出一套适合山区、基于地质建造的生态地质调查思路和技术方法框架。按照全域背景(基准)调查—重点小流域调查—生态关键带解剖3个层次开展工作,逐步深化对承德市生态地质特征和作用规律的认知。通过全域1∶25万地质建造分析与编(填)图,查明生态地质背景,划分生态地质单元,快速筛选生态资源优势区和生态环境问题区;针对筛选出的生态资源优势区和生态环境问题区,开展以小流域为单元的重点区1∶5万调查,以查明优势资源特征,评价生态环境风险;开展重要地质建造典型生态关键带1∶1万调查与研究,揭示生态地质系统三维结构特征和相互作用机理,为综合监测和生态系统演变趋势预测提供依据。构建了生态地质调查"需求—调查—转化"体系框架,依据生态地质调查成果,为承德市国土空间规划、生态产业发展和生态保护修复,提出了相应的地学建议。Eco-geology is a science that studies the interaction between ecology and geological environment and its mechanism.The technical frameworks for eco-geological surveys based on geological formation for mountainous areas are summarized,through the project of"Comprehensive Geological Survey of National Ecological Civilization Demonstration Area in Chengde City".According to the three levels of survey,i.e.,background(baseline)survey—small watershed survey—research on ecological critical zone,the eco-geological characteristics and function rules of Chengde City are gradually deepened.The survey at the 1∶250000 scale can quickly identify the eco-geological background(baseline)of the whole area,recognize the eco-geological units,and quickly screen the eco-geological targets(dominant ecological resource areas and ecological environment risk areas)through the geological formation analysis and mapping;the survey with a key small watershed unit(at the scale of 1∶50,000)is carried out for the selected target areas so as to identify the characteristics of dominant resources and evaluate the risks of ecological environment;surveys and researches on ecological critical zones of typical geological formation(at the scale of 1∶10000)are carried out to reveal the three-dimensional characteristics and interaction mechanism of the eco-geological system and provide a basis for comprehensive monitoring and prediction of the evolution trend.The framework of"Demand-Survey-Application"is demonstrated based on the survey results,and corresponding suggestions are proposed for the land spatial planning,ecological industry development and ecological protection and restoration for Chengde City.

关 键 词：生态地质调查 地质建造 小流域 生态关键带 承德市 河北省 

分 类 号：X141[环境科学与工程—环境科学]