肠道菌群失调与中枢神经系统性疾病研究进展  

Research Progress on Intestinal Microbes and Central Nervous System Diseases

作　　者：赵烊烊 范兴丽[1] 王晓翔[2] 季华[1] 沈香娣[1] ZHAO Yangyang;FAN Xingli;WANG Xiaoxiang;JI Hua;SHEN Xiangdi(Hangzhou Medical College,Hangzhou 310053,Zhejiang,China;Jinhua People's Hospital,Jinhua 321000,Zhejiang,China)

机构地区：[1]杭州医学院,浙江杭州310053 [2]金华市人民医院,浙江金华321000

出　　处：《实用中医内科杂志》2020年第12期64-68,共5页Journal of Practical Traditional Chinese Internal Medicine

基　　金：浙江省基础公益研究计划(LGD19H090006);浙江省教育厅一般科研项目(201840294);金华市科技局公益类项目(2019-4-033)。

摘　　要：肠道菌群在人类胃肠系统内数目众多、种类繁多,其对人类的健康和疾病的影响近年来被大量的研究工作者所关注。肠道内大量的菌群构成了肠道微生态循环系统,在人体营养吸收、代谢改善、屏障保护等各种生理活动发挥着重要作用,同时肠道菌群失调将会对宿主各个系统产生不同程度的影响,如消化性疾病、过敏性疾病、心脏疾病等。近年来,大量实验者提出微生物-肠-脑轴这一信号通路,该轴将肠神经系统、中枢神经系统用神经-内分泌-免疫系统联系起来,形成了一条双向的信号通路,肠道菌群可通过神经递质的释放、内分泌、免疫等途径参与中枢神经系统的调节,进一步显示了肠道菌群在中枢神经系统中的关键作用。在中枢神经系统中,肠道菌群失调对中枢神经神经系统退行性疾病如阿尔兹海默症、中枢免疫性疾病如多发性硬化,神经心理疾病如抑郁症产生巨大影响,造成宿主出现相关的神经系统异常表现。其主要途径涉及迷走神经途径、内分泌途径、免疫途径以及炎症反应等。对近10年间肠道菌群失调与中枢神经系统性疾病的相关性文献进行综述,主要概括肠道菌群失调对中枢神经系统性疾病发病的影响以及临床表现,总结当前各种中枢神经性疾病的研究进展,探讨微生物-肠-脑轴在其中的具体作用以及发病机制。In recent years,a large number of researchers have paid attention to the influence of intestinal flora on human health and diseases. A large number of intestinal microbes constitute the intestinal microecological circulatory system,which plays an important role in various physiological activities such as human nutrition absorption,metabolism improvement,barrier protection,etc. At the same time,the imbalance of intestinal microbes will have different degrees of impact on various host systems,such as digestive diseases,allergic diseases,heart diseases,etc. In recent years,a large number of experimenters have proposed the microbial gut brain axis signal pathway,which links the gut nervous system and the central nervous system with the neuroendocrine immune system,forming a two-way signal pathway. The intestinal flora can participate in the regulation of the central nervous system through the release of neurotransmitters,internal secretion,immunity and other channels,which further shows that the intestinal flora is thekey role in the central nervous system. In the central nervous system,the imbalance of intestinal flora has a great influence on the degenerative diseases of the central nervous system,such as Alzheimer’s disease,central immune diseases,such as multiple sclerosis,neuropsychological diseases,such as depression,resulting in the occurrence of related nervous system abnormalities. The main pathway involved in vagal pathway,endocrine pathway,immune pathway and inflammatory response. This paper reviewed the literature on the relationship between intestinal flora disorders and central nervous system diseases in recent ten years. It mainly summarized the influence of intestinal flora disorders on the pathogenesis of central nervous system diseases and their clinical manifestations,summarized the current research progress of various central nervous system diseases,and discussed the specific role and pathogenesis of microbial gut brain axis.

关 键 词：肠道菌群 肠道菌群失调 微生物-脑-肠轴 中枢神经系统性疾病 自闭症 阿尔兹海默症 帕金森 多发性硬化 

分 类 号：R741[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]