石家庄市公交站点尘土重金属的生物可给性及人体健康风险评估  

Bioaccessibility and Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in the Dusts in Bus Stops in Shijiazhuang City

作　　者：王可[1] 左书梅[1] 李昆 花中霞[1] 陈龙星 何燕[1] WANG Ke;ZUO Shu-mei;LI Kun;HUA Zhong-xia;CHEN Long-xing;HE Yan(Department of Poison Detection,Shijiazhuang Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shijiazhuang 050011,China)

机构地区：[1]石家庄市疾病预防控制中心毒物检测中心,石家庄050011

出　　处：《科学技术与工程》2020年第35期14737-14742,共6页Science Technology and Engineering

基　　金：河北省医学科研重点课题计划(ZL20140019)。

摘　　要：利用生理提取试验(physiologically based extraction test,PBET)法研究石家庄市建设大街15个公交站点表层尘土中Cr、Mn、Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb的生物可给性,并采用美国环保局人体健康风险模型对6种重金属的健康风险进行评价。结果表明:与河北省土壤元素背景值相比,Mn和Cr在各站点的含量未超过背景值,Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb在各站点含量均超过背景值,其中Cd的富集程度最大。重金属溶解态量在胃和肠阶段差异较大,除在运河桥客运站Cr的溶解态量肠阶段大于胃阶段外,各重金属在所有站点溶解态量胃阶段均高于肠阶段。在所有站点中,Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb、Mn、Cr的生物可给性分别为40.57%~90.31%、45.67%~77.57%、61.03%~84.14%、49.05%~82.99%、59.46%~85.32%、11.36%~54.17%。儿童的非致癌风险商(HQ)和致癌风险商(CR)高于成人。6种重金属在各站点的HQ均小于1,在安全阈值之内。Cr和Cd在各站点的CR在1×10^-6~1×10^-4范围内,对儿童及成人存在一定致癌风险,但尚可接受;Pb在各站点的CR小于1×10^-6,对儿童及成人的致癌风险甚微,可忽略。The physiologically based extraction test(PBET),an in vitro gastrointestinal simulation method was used to study the bioaccessibility of Cr,Mn,Cu,Zn,Cd,and Pb in the dusts samples from 15 bus stops along the Jianshe Street in Shijiazhuang City,Hebei Province,and the US EPA human health risk model was applied to assess the health risks of the six metals.Results show that the concentrations of Mn and Cr in samples of all the bus stops were below the provincial benchmarks of the background values of soil,while those of Cu,Zn,Cd,and Pb exceeded the background values,of which Cd showed the largest degree of enrichment.The bioaccessible concentrations of these heavy metals in gastric and intestinal stages were obviously different.Except that the bioaccessible concentration of Cr in the intestinal stage was larger than that in the gastric stage shown in one sample(Yunhe Bridge stop),the bioaccessible concentrations of all the six metals in the gastric stage were higher than that in the intestinal stage in all samples.The bioaccessibility of Cu,Zn,Cd,Pb,Mn,and Cr was,respectively:40.57%~90.31%,45.67%~77.57%,61.03%~84.14%,49.05%~82.99%,59.46%~85.32%,and 11.36%~54.17%.The hazard quotients(HQs)and the carcinogenic risks(CRs)for children were higher than that for adults.The HQs of the six heavy metals in all the samples were less than 1,being within the safety threshold values.The CRs of Cr and Cd ranged from 1×10^-6 to 1×10^-4,being at an acceptable level,while that of Pb was less than 1×10^-6 in all the samples thus it could be ignored.

关 键 词：公交站点 重金属 尘土 生物可给性 健康风险评估 

分 类 号：X131.1[环境科学与工程—环境科学]