日本古代猴文化管窥--兼论对中国猴文化的扬弃  

Examining Ancient Japanese Monkey Culture and the Sublation of Chinese Monkey Culture

作　　者：孙胜广 于长敏[1] Sun Shengguang;Yu Changmin(Jilin University,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林大学外国语学院

出　　处：《日语学习与研究》2020年第6期18-26,共9页Journal of Japanese Language Study and Research

基　　金：2018年度吉林省社会科学基金项目“日本猴文化中的中国元素研究”(项目批号:2018JD4)的阶段研究成果。项目主持人:孙胜广;2019年度吉林大学基本科研业务费哲学社会科学研究种子基金项目“日本文学中的猿猴叙事及其主题研究”(项目批号:2019ZZ005)的阶段研究成果。项目主持人:孙胜广

摘　　要：运用大小传统理论对日本古代猴文化进行初步解码,通过对出土文物的考察,发现绳文后期日本出现了对猴的原始生殖崇拜的端倪,猴的特别之处开始显现;民俗信仰方面,厩神信仰最早可能由中国经朝鲜半岛与马同时传入,但日本对这一信仰并非全盘接受,而是根据本国特点进行了扬弃;文字编码方面,日语中表示动物猴的汉字呈现出从多元到“猿”字一元集中的局面,这是日本古代“言灵”信仰与中国古代猿猴观共同作用的结果。Using the methodology of great tradition and little tradition to decode ancient Japanese monkey culture, the paper describes unearthed cultural relics which show that the primitive reproduction worship of monkeys appeared in Japan in the late Jomon period, and the special features of monkeys began to show after this. In terms of folk beliefs, the belief in a monkey as a god of horse stables was probably first introduced from China through the Korean peninsula at the same time as the horse.However, Japan did not accept this belief completely, but discarded it according to its own characteristics. In terms of character coding, the kanji for "monkey" in Japanese has developed from multiple characters to "En", which is the result of the interaction between Kotodama in ancient Japan and impressions of apes and monkeys in ancient China.

关 键 词：猴崇拜 厩神信仰 日本汉字 言灵 中国古代猿猴观 

分 类 号：H36[语言文字—日语]