元代色目医与中原抗疫  

Semu People in the Yuan Dynasty and Anti-epidemic in Central Plains of China

作　　者：张田芳 杨富学[1] Zhang Tianfang;Yang Fuxue

机构地区：[1]敦煌研究院人文研究部,730030

出　　处：《中医药文化》2020年第6期7-18,共12页Chinese Medical Culture

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“敦煌中外关系史料的整理与研究”(19ZDA198)。

摘　　要：元代大批胡人入居中原,被称作色目人,主要有回回、畏兀儿、吐蕃、唐兀、契丹、女真、高丽、拂林人等。元代时疫伴其始终,成为蒙古统治者最为头疼的问题之一,因而极为重视医学的发展。随着大批色目人入居中原,精通医学的色目人备受尊崇,尤其是回回医学在中原地区的盛行,将阿拉伯医学中防御疫病的方法和药方带到中原地区,对中原地区疫病的发展起了抑制作用。稽诸史乘记载,结合阿拉伯、波斯、回鹘等文献可以看出,元代色目医在治疗疫病方面多有可述者,不管在辨证施治还是在药物的使用方面,都有此前所不具备的高明之处,故而在元代抗疫时发挥出重要的作用。In the Yuan dynasty,a large number of people from the western and other regions came to China and were called Semu people,mainly including Hui Hui,Uighurs,Tibetan,Tangut,Kitai,Jurchen,Romans,etc.Epidemic run through the Yuan dynasty and was one of the most troublesome problems for Mongolian rulers.The development of medicine was attached great importance at that time.Therefore,Semu people who are proficient in medicine were highly respected.With the prevalence of Hui Hui Medicine(回回医学)in the Central Plains of China,the methods and prescriptions of Arab medicine to fight against the epidemic were introduced to the Central Plains of China,which suppressed the development of epidemic diseases in Central Plains of China.Based on the historical records,and Arabic,Persian,Uighur and other documents,it can be seen that no matter in syndrome differentiation,treatment or the use of drugs,Semu medicine had advantages and played an important role in the treatment of epidemic diseases in the Yuan dynasty.

关 键 词：色目人 元代 疫病 抗疫 《回回药方》 

分 类 号：R2-09[医药卫生—中医学]