旅游业资源名片效应、区位因素对空气污染的影响  

Impact of regional factors and reputation effects of tourism resources on air pollution

作　　者：曾婧婧[1,2] 保瑞 温永林 ZENG Jingjing;BAO Rui;WEN Yonglin(School of Public Administration,Zhongnan University of Economics and Law,Wuhan Hubei 430073,China;Institute of Income Distribution and Mordern Finance,Zhongnan University of Economics and Law,Wuhan Hubei 430073,China;School of Public Affair,Xiamen University,Xiamen Fujian 361005,China)

机构地区：[1]中南财经政法大学公共管理学院,湖北武汉430073 [2]中南财经政法大学收入分配与现代财政研究院,湖北武汉430073 [3]厦门大学公共事务学院,福建厦门361005

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2020年第11期194-205,共12页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目“多目标分类下政府科技悬赏策略及其优化研究”(批准号:71974203);中南财经政法大学中央高校基本科研业务经费(批准号:2722020JCT026);中南财经政法大学研究生教育成果培育项目(批准号:CGPY201904);中南财经政法大学后期资助项目(批准号:2722020YJ029);高等学校学科创新引智计划(批准号:B20084)。

摘　　要：旅游业正日益成为促进区域协调发展的优势和先导产业,但随之而来的是不合理的旅游开发和不断扩张的旅游消费引致的环境污染,其中空气污染成为公众高度关注的热点。研究以2005—2017年中国地级及以上城市的雾霾(PM 2.5)和二氧化硫(SO 2)排放数据,实证检验旅游发展对中国城市空气污染的影响、作用机制及不同城市空间范围内旅游污染效应的差异。在考虑大气污染物空间溢出和扩散效应的前提下,基于贝叶斯后验模型概率,在两种空间权重矩阵设定下建立空间杜宾误差模型(SDEM)进行回归分析。研究发现:①旅游发展与PM 2.5和SO 2的直接效应均呈“倒U”型关系,表明旅游业发展对城市空气污染具有旅游“环境库兹涅茨”效应。②旅游名片对旅游业发展和城市空气污染的二元关系具有调节作用。在同等旅游产业要素规模以及游客数量的条件下,获批“国家旅游名片”的城市比没有名片的城市单位旅游收入的增加会带来更多的空气污染排放。③旅游业发展对城市空气质量的影响存在区位差异,西部地区城市和规模较大的城市旅游业发展产生的SO 2污染更严重。文章研究结果在经过更换权重矩阵以及删除特定城市样本后依然稳健。基于结论,文章认为治理旅游空气污染亟须推动形成绿色旅游生产方式和旅游生活方式,倡导绿色保护性开发和旅游者经济出行;各地区要加快淘汰或转变落后的旅游开发经营模式,争取早日进入“拐点”;国家应谨慎认定旅游名片,适当提高准入门槛;旅游空气污染治理要因地制宜,西部地区及大城市地区应加强旅游污染治理投入,提升污染治理水平。Tourism is increasingly becoming a competitive and leading industry.Combined with unreasonable tourism development and expanding tourism consumption,however,tourism-related environment pollution is getting even worse and tourism-related air pollution has become a hot topic of public concern.This study utilized a strongly balanced panel sample data of PM 2.5 and SO 2 emission data set of 285 Chinese cities at and above prefecture-level from 2005 to 2017 to investigate the impact of tourism on urban air pollution.By considering the spillover and diffusion effects of air pollutants,this paper selected a Spatial Durbin Error Model(SDEM)under two different spatial weight matrices to conduct a regression analysis based on Bayes posterior model probability.The study found that:①The direct effects between tourism and PM 2.5 and SO 2 emissions showed an inverse U-shape relationship,which means that,during the sample period,the effect of tourism on Chinese urban air pollution supported the Environmental Kuznets Curve(EKC)hypothesis.②The effects of tourism on SO 2 were partially moderated by the national‘tourism titles’.Specifically,as the result of the reputation effects,certification of national-level tourism resources actually worsened SO 2 emissions,which absorbed most of the tourism industry elements and tourists.③The impact of tourism development on urban air quality varied greatly among different cities.In western cities and larger cities,SO 2 pollution caused by tourism development was more serious.Two checks were run to test the robustness of the main results of this study by changing spatial weight matrices and deleting some of the city samples.Finally,based on the research results,this paper offered the following useful policy implications:①Faced with worsening tourism-related air pollution,it is imperative to build a green tourism development mode and tourism lifestyle by advocating conservation-oriented development and much more economical traveling.②In order to reach the turning point of inverse

关 键 词：旅游发展 空气污染 名片效应 区位因素 贝叶斯估计 

分 类 号：X51[环境科学与工程—环境工程]