蔬菜穴盘苗插入顶出式取苗装置研制  

Development of insertion and ejection type seedling taking device for vegetable plug seedlings

作　　者：文永双 张俊雄[1] 张宇 田金元 袁挺[1] 谭豫之[1] 李伟[1] Wen Yongshuang;Zhang Junxiong;Zhang Yu;Tian Jinyuan;Yuan Ting;Tan Yuzhi;Li Wei(College of Engineering,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学工学院,北京100083

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2020年第22期96-104,共9页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0701303)。

摘　　要：针对蔬菜穴盘苗自动取苗装置结构复杂、取苗性能差等问题,该研究综合顶出式取苗与插入夹持式取苗的优缺点,设计了一种插入顶出式取苗装置。首先对钵苗顶出过程进行受力分析,对抛出后的钵苗进行运动过程分析,得出造成顶出式取苗的钵苗翻滚的影响因素,提出插入顶出式取苗结构的优化目标,然后对送盘机构、插入顶出式取苗机构进行受力分析和参数优化。以辣椒钵苗为试验对象,选取苗龄、钵体含水率和取苗频率为影响因素,以取苗合格率、基质损失率和伤苗率为指标进行正交试验。试验结果表明:苗龄30 d、基质含水率60%、取苗频率120株/min时,取苗成功率为97.22%,基质损失率为18.06%,伤苗率为1.39%,取苗效果最佳。以苗龄25 d的甘蓝和花椰菜苗进行不同蔬菜作物取苗验证试验,取苗合格率分别为93.75%和95.14%,基质损失率分别为17.21%和16.67%,伤苗率分别为4.17%和3.47%,满足蔬菜穴盘苗全自动移栽机取苗作业要求。研究结果可为蔬菜穴盘苗全自动移栽机的设计和作业参数优化提供参考。Seedlings cultivation and transplantation are commonly used in the commercial large-scale planting of most vegetable crops,thereby to improve the vegetables quality,yield,and land use efficiency.However,there are still some challenges in the process of transplanting,such as high labor intensity,low transplanting efficiency,and high cost,due to the manual and semi-automatic transplanting are mainly found in most areas of China.There are also complicated structures in most automatic seedling taking devices,showing a relatively low performance of seedling.In this study,a new kind of insertion and ejection mechanism in a seedling taking device was designed and optimized for a fully automatic transplanter in vegetable plug seedlings.The newly developed device was mainly composed of various mechanisms for conveying plug seedling tray,combing,insertion and ejection,plate turning,conveying plug seedling,and collecting empty tray.The process of plug seedlings taking was as follows:The conveying mechanism of plug seedling tray first aligned the bottom holes of tray with the seedling taking holes one by one;The seedling ejection cylinder then drove the ejector pins out;The ejector pins passed through the seedling taking holes and the bottom holes of tray,and thereby to push the whole row of plug seedlings onto the conveyor;The plate turned 90°in clockwise;The ejector pins were retracted,and the plug seedlings fell into the given grids of conveyor;The plate returned to the original position to complete one row of seedling taking.The kinetics analysis was performed on the process of plug seedling ejection,and the kinematic analysis on the oblique throwing process of plug seedling.The angle between the center line of plug and the ejection direction of ejector rod was set to reduce the initial angular velocity of plug seedling,the angle of oblique throwing,and the vertical height when dropping plug seedlings,thereby to alleviate the seedling rolling during the oblique throwing process.Coupling the mechanism of tray conveying,i

关 键 词：农业机械 设计 试验 蔬菜钵苗 插入顶出 取苗装置 

分 类 号：S223.92[农业科学—农业机械化工程]