本地务工与外出务工劳动力的工资差异——兼论迁移对教育回报率的影响  

Wage Difference between Local Workers and Migrant Workers: On the Influence of Migration on the Rate of Return on Education

作　　者：方超[1] 黄斌[1] FANG Chao;HUANG Bin(School of Public Administration,Nanjing University of Finance and Economics)

机构地区：[1]南京财经大学公共管理学院

出　　处：《教育经济评论》2020年第5期107-128,共22页China Economics of Education Review

基　　金：江苏省社科基金教育学2020年度青年课题“流动人口视角下经济转型时期教育扩张政策的收入分配效应研究”(20JYC007)。

摘　　要：劳动力市场上的工资差异是决策者与学术界关注的热点问题。本文基于2014年中国家庭收入调查数据,采用倾向得分匹配法、处理效应模型、无条件分位数回归及其分解等方法,研究了本地务工与外出务工劳动力的工资差异。研究结果表明:与本地务工相比,外出务工能够显著提高劳动力的工资水平,迁移的收入效应在不同分位点上具有异质性的特征,突出表现为能够更好地促进低收入群体的个体增收。同时,外出务工劳动力的教育回报率的异质性收益特征随收入分位点的变化呈现出U型曲线的变化趋势;本地务工与外出务工者的工资差异主要集中在低分位点上,并且具有"黏地板效应"的鲜明特征,不能被解释的歧视成为本地务工与外出务工劳动力工资差异的决定因素,而教育年限、工作经验及其平方项构成的人力资本变量则在可解释因素引致的工资差异中占据了主导地位。Wage differences in the labor market focus of public attention.Based on the data of CHIP2014,this paper studies the wage difference between local workers and migrant workers by using the method of PSM,RIF,RIF-Blinder.It is indicated that migration can significantly improve the wage income of migrant workers as well as heterogeneity income characteristics,while the effect of migration can better promote the individual income of low-income groups compared with local migrant workers;At the same time,the return on education of migrant workers shows a U-shaped curve with the change of income quantile.Migration results in the wage difference between local workers and migrant workers,The wage difference shows typical effect of sticky floor,while the constituent effect is the main reason for the wage difference,Education level,work experience and the square of human capital variables play a leading role in the wage differences caused by explanatory factors.

关 键 词：本地务工 外出务工 工资差异 RIF回归分解 黏地板效应 

分 类 号：F249.2[经济管理—劳动经济]