煤矿瓦斯抽采增产机制及关键技术  

Increasing production mechanism and key technology of gas extraction in coal mines

作　　者：苏现波[1,2,3] 宋金星 郭红玉 蔺海晓[5] 刘晓 韩颖[4] 张双斌[6] 李贤忠[4] 于世耀[7] SU Xianbo;SONG Jinxing;GUO Hongyu;LIN Haixiao;LIU Xiao;HAN Ying;ZHANG Shuangbin;LI Xianzhong;YU Shiyao(Unconventional Gas Research Institute,Henan Polytechnic University,Jiaozuo 454000,China;School of Energy Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China;Collaborative Innovation Center of Coalbed Methane and Shale Gas for Central Plains Economic Region,Jiaozuo 454000,China;School of Energy Science and Engineering,Henan Polytechnic University,Jiaozuo 454000,China;School of Civil Engineering,Henan Polytechnic University,Jiaozuo 454000,China;Department of Mining Engineering,Jincheng Institute of Technology,Jincheng 048026,China;School of Resources and Environment,Henan Polytechnic University,Jiaozuo 454000,China)

机构地区：[1]河南理工大学非常规天然气研究院,河南焦作454000 [2]中国地质大学资源学院,湖北武汉430074 [3]中原经济区煤层(页岩)气协同创新中心,河南焦作454000 [4]河南理工大学能源科学与工程学院,河南焦作454000 [5]河南理工大学土木工程学院,河南焦作454000 [6]晋城职业技术学院矿业工程系,山西晋城048026 [7]河南理工大学资源环境学院,河南焦作454000

出　　处：《煤炭科学技术》2020年第12期1-30,共30页Coal Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(41872176,41972178,42072193)。

摘　　要：瓦斯抽采是煤矿瓦斯灾害治理的主要途径。长期以来,广大科技与工程技术人员研制了多种瓦斯抽采技术,为我国煤矿安全生产提供了有力保障。但是对于一些突出严重的低渗煤层仍存在抽采效率低、成本高的问题,迫切需要形成一套系统的、能够实现瓦斯抽采由"抽得出向抽得快、抽得省、抽得纯、抽得净"转化的技术体系。为此,首先系统介绍了煤岩体结构的定量表征、瓦斯运移产出机制和基于煤岩体结构的瓦斯运移产出过程,并以此瓦斯抽采增产理论为基础,从物理、生化和表面改性等方面厘清了瓦斯抽采增产机制,最后结合团队近20年从事瓦斯治理工作的研究成果,系统分析了水力压裂、钻冲压一体化、老孔修复、三堵两注固液两相封孔、下向瓦斯抽采孔自动排水排渣气驱、地面以孔代巷等六项瓦斯抽采技术的增产原理,简要介绍了研制的相关装备、装置和器材以及现场应用效果。指出煤体结构决定了煤层的可改造性,决定了瓦斯的运移产出流态,进而决定了瓦斯抽采增产技术的选择,是瓦斯治理技术体系建立的基础。揭示了瓦斯抽采的多重增产机制:造缝增透、增容增透、气驱增产、气胀致裂增透、微生物降解增产、强氧化剂氧化增产和表面改性增产等,指出水力压裂、钻冲压一体化、地面以孔代巷三项技术是以增透增产为主要途径的水力强化措施;三堵两注固液两相封孔、老孔修复增透、下向孔自动排水排渣三项技术则是以多重增产机制为基础,以延长抽采钻孔使用寿命、提高抽采瓦斯的质和量为途径的增产技术;气驱技术的本质是增加瓦斯压力梯度、实现抽采后期低压煤层瓦斯抽采增产。已经完成的工程试验和推广应用充分显示出这一技术体系的潜在优势,随着这一技术体系进一步的标准化和程序化,将成为煤矿瓦斯高效抽采的一种普适性Gas extraction is the main way to control gas disasters in coal mines.For a long time,a variety of gas extraction technologies have been developed,which provide a powerful guarantee for the safe production of coal mines in China.However,for some serious outburst low-permeability coal seams,there are still problems of low extraction efficiency and high cost.There is an urgent need to form a system that can realize the transformation of gas extraction from"regular extraction to the quick,economical,pure and clean extraction".Therefore,the quantitative characterization of coal and rock mass structure,gas migration and production mechanism,and gas migration and production process based on the structure of coal and rock mass were introduced firstly in this paper.The mechanism of gas extraction and production-increasing mechanism was clarified from the aspects of physical,biochemistry and surface modification.The research results of the team engaged in gas control work in the past 20 years are combined,a systematic analysis of six gas extraction technologies including hydraulic fracturing,integrated drilling and stamping,old hole repair,solid-liquid two phase hole sealing device and technology for three blocks and two injections,downhole automatic drainage,slag discharge and gas flooding,ground hole replacement for roadway were systematically analyzed,and self-developed equipment,devices and field application results were briefly introduced.It is pointed out that the coal body structure determines the transformability of the coal seam,determines the migration and production flow pattern of gas,and then puts forward the choice of gas extraction and production-increasing technology,which is the basis for the establishment of gas treatment technology system.The multiple production increase mechanisms of gas extraction were revealed,including permeability improvement from fracture generation,compacity enhancement,gas flooding,gas dilation,fracturing,microbial degradation,strong oxidant oxidation and surface modification,et

关 键 词：瓦斯抽采 瓦斯运移产出机制 增解 增扩 增透 增产机制 增产技术 

分 类 号：TD712[矿业工程—矿井通风与安全]