大卫·哈维资本主义生态批判思想探析  

An Analysis of David Harvey's Capitalist Ecological Criticism

作　　者：田小聪 杨慧民[1] Tian Xiaocong;Yang Huimin(School of Marxism,Dalian University of Technology)

机构地区：[1]大连理工大学马克思主义学院

出　　处：《南京林业大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2020年第6期69-77,共9页Journal of Nanjing Forestry University(Humanities and Social Sciences Edition)

摘　　要：“生态”与“空间”是当前西方马克思主义关于资本主义批判研究中的两大主题。大卫·哈维立足于马克思主义的基本立场,把空间嵌入生态批判的场域,开拓了资本主义生态批判的空间维度。他从全球生态、城市生态、生态美学三重维度揭示了资本主义不均衡发展导致的生态帝国主义问题、资本主义城市化进程中出现的生态环境问题和资本空间生产中的空间均质化问题,试图通过构建“生命之网”、运用“社会-环境变迁辩证法”探索一条以空间、差异和辩证为旨趣的破解路径,将生态运动与社会主义运动结合起来,力求实现生态规划与社会主义的互动耦合。哈维富有特色的资本主义生态批判思想,弥合了资本主义生态批判和生态建构的“空间失语”,拓宽了生态政治学的研究边界,彰显了马克思主义生态思想的时代性。但他出身于地理学专业,而且尝试用地理空间的研究方法重新解读马克思主义,导致其对马克思主义有机自然观的认识存在误区,无法领会历史唯物主义生态维度的魅力,并且未能从资本的反生态本性出发分析资本主义生态危机的产生根源,对生态社会主义的规划也仅仅停留在一般性的考察上,缺乏具体的实践指向,是一个乌托邦式的社会理想。“Ecology”and“space”are the two major themes in the current critical research of Western Marxist capitalism.Based on the basic standpoint of Marxism,David Harvey embedded space into the field of ecological criticism,opening up the spatial dimension of capitalist ecological criticism.From the dimensions of global ecology,urban ecology,and ecological aesthetics,he revealed the ecological imperialism problems caused by the unbalanced development of capitalism,the ecological environment problems that emerged over capitalist urbanization,and the spatial homogenization of capital space production.A“web of life”was constructed and the“society⁃environmental change dialectics”was employed to work out an approach involving space,difference and dialectics to combine ecological movements and socialist movements so as to realize the interactive coupling of ecological planning and socialism.Harvey's unique capitalist ecological critical thinking bridges the“spatial aphasia”of capitalist ecological criticism and ecological construction,broadens the research boundary of ecological politics,and demonstrates the contemporary significance of Marxist ecological thoughts.However,his background of geography and his attempt to reinterpret Marxism with the research methods of geographic space led to his misunderstanding of Marxist organic view of nature,making him unable to understand historical materialism from the ecological dimension and to analyze the root causes of the ecological crisis of capitalism from the anti⁃ecological nature of capital.Therefore,Harvey’s planning of ecological socialism is only a general investigation,lacking specific practical directions,and it is a utopian social ideal.

关 键 词：大卫·哈维 资本主义生态批判 资本空间化 “生命之网” 社会-环境变迁辩证法 生态社会主义 

分 类 号：F03[经济管理—政治经济学] X2[环境科学与工程—环境科学]