中国古代文学批评的分析性思维  

Analytical Thinking in Ancient Chinese Literary Criticism

作　　者：沙红兵[1] Sha Hongbing

机构地区：[1]广州大学人文学院、文学思想研究中心,广州510006

出　　处：《中国社会科学》2020年第12期62-81,201,共21页Social Sciences in China

摘　　要：在中西比较的参照系下,直观感悟已成为概括中国古代文学批评方法与特点的标签之一。其实,古代文学批评既不缺乏也不可能离开分析性思维。这种分析性思维没有采取西方科学—哲学传统的纯智性、纯理论的形式,而是深植于古代社会、历史环境,与传统哲学、文化思维方式整体关联,具有自身的多元探索与表现形态。起源于先秦诸子的“推”“止”结合的分析性思维对古代文学批评有着深远影响。魏晋南朝时期,出现了较为纯粹意义上的文学范畴的体认与提取;骈体文学的繁盛,把横向对待、蔓衍的分析性思维推到极致。唐宋以后散体古文流行,线性贯通、推进的分析性思维也得到发展。分析性思维还参与到文学批评的系统性建构,让系统处于潜在或开放状态,参与到文学情境的想象与悟解,与直观感悟共存共融。In the frame of reference for comparing China and the West,“intuitive perception”has become one of the labels that summarizes the methods and characteristics of ancient Chinese literary criticism.In fact,ancient literary criticism is not lacking in or separable from analytical thinking.This kind of analytical thinking does not take the form of the pure knowledge or theory of the Western scientific-philosophical tradition;rather,it is deeply rooted in ancient society and its historical environment,being holistically related to traditional philosophy and cultural thought and having its own diversified exploration and forms of expression.Originating in the combination of“extending(tui推)”and“stopping(zhi止)”of the pre-Qin philosophers,it had a profound influence on ancient literary criticism.The Wei,Jin and Southern dynasties period saw the appearance of the recognition and extraction of literary categories in a relatively pure sense.The flourishing of the parallel literary form known as pianwen used lavish analysis to push lateral analytical thinking to extremes.With the Tang and Song dynasties,ancient prose became popular,and analytical linear thinking also developed.Analytical thinking also played a role in the systematic construction of a literary criticism in which systems existed in a potential or open state.Such thinking also played a part in the imagining and understanding of the literary realm,where it co-existed with intuitive perception.

关 键 词：文学批评 分析性思维 直观感悟 推止 范畴提取 

分 类 号：I206.2[文学—中国文学]