政策背离能否减少贫困——对喀麦隆环境移民自行回迁的批判性分析  

Can policy deviance reduce poverty?A critical analysis of self-return migration in Cameroon

作　　者：罗兰·阿齐博·巴尔加 裘德·恩齐丰·基蒙西 李光辉(译) Roland Azibo Balgah;Jude Ndzifon Kimengsi

机构地区：[1]喀麦隆共和国巴门达大学农业综合企业技术系大众汽车基金会 [2]德国德累斯顿理工大学热带林业和林产品研究所环境科学系 [3]不详

出　　处：《国际社会科学杂志（中文版）》2020年第4期46-63,6,10,共20页International Social Science Journal（Chinese Edition）

基　　金：大众汽车基金会;德累斯顿理工大学“卓越计划”;喀麦隆高等教育部的资助。

摘　　要：政策的普遍关注重点是实现政策制定者认为符合社会或目标群体利益的预定目标。因此,政策研究见证了向以下方面的明显倾斜:增加科学知识,了解政策颁行过程及实现预期目标的程度。政策背离--社会成员忽视或不尊重既定政策规定的倾向--通常被认为是导致政策结果不佳的关键决定因素。然而,关于政策背离的好处,以及社会群体表达该好处的条件,目前鲜有这方面的研究。根据一项关于喀麦隆尼奥斯湖地区背离政策的重新安置移民家庭的案例研究,作者考察了政策背离与减贫之间的关系,以此缩小这一现存的知识空白。通过生计视角的实证分析,揭示了背离行为与减贫之间存在着正相关关系。结论表明,并非所有的政策背离都会导致负面结果。作者强调,有必要对政策结果之间的关系进行持续分析,而不是假设背离行为会导致负面结果。未来尚需要更多的研究来为这一论点提供依据。The general focus of policy is to achieve pre-designed goals considered by policy-makers to be of interest to societies or targeted groups.Policy research has,therefore,witnessed a significant tilt towards improving scientific knowledge and understanding policy enactment processes,and the extent to which they achieve desired goals.Policy deviance–the tendency for members of society to ignore or disrespect laid-down policy guidelines–has often been considered a crucial determinant for poor policy outcomes.However,the benefits of policy deviance,and the conditions under which societal groups register such benefits currently account for only a negligible number of studies.This article reduces this existing knowledge gap by examining the nexus between policy deviance and poverty reduction,based on a case study of deviant migrant households who relocated to settle around the Lake Nyos area in Cameroon.The empirical analysis through a livelihoods lens revealed a positive relationship between deviance and poverty reduction.The conclusion suggests that not all policy deviance situations lead to negative outcomes.It emphasises the need for a constant analysis of the policy outcome nexus,as opposed to the assumption that deviance leads to negative outcomes.Further research is needed to ground this contention.

关 键 词：目标群体 批判性分析 安置移民 环境移民 减贫 既定政策 政策制定者 喀麦隆 

分 类 号：D63[政治法律—政治学]