关于“和平共处五项原则”的几个问题  

Concerns about the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence

作　　者：孙泽学[1] Sun Zexue(School of History and Culture, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079)

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学历史文化学院,湖北武汉430079

出　　处：《华中师范大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2021年第1期121-130,共10页Journal of Central China Normal University:Humanities and Social Sciences

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“中苏同盟与1950年代中国社会”(14JJD770031)。

摘　　要：学术界普遍认为,周恩来在1953年12月31日接见印度来华代表团时提出了“和平共处五项原则”。但考诸文本,周恩来当时只是提出了“和平共处五项原则”的内容,并未提出这一概念。从概念的使用看,1954年8月12日,周恩来在为接待英国工党访华代表团的一次干部会议上的讲话中首次提出了“和平共处五项原则”的概念;在外事活动中明确使用是他在同年10月20日欢迎印度总理尼赫鲁之时;在国际会议场合使用则是在1955年亚非会议上。中国虽然主张“和平共处五项原则”适用于一切国家,但从外交实践看,主要用于处理中国与非社会主义国家之间的关系;中国与社会主义国家的外交中使用过这一概念,却是强调在社会主义国家与其他国家之间适用;1956年底中国曾明确提出社会主义国家的关系应该建立在“和平共处五项原则”的基础上,但为时不久就没再提及。“和平共处五项原则”的内容定型有一个过程,其第一项、第四项措辞有过修改,在表述中也有反复。It is generally accepted that Zhou Enlai proposed the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence when he greeted the Indian delegation to China on December 31,1953.The study shows that he only initiated the content of this principle instead of specifying the concept.Concerned with the use of the conception,it was raised when Zhou Enlai addressed a speech at a meeting of cadres to receive a delegation from the British Labor Party in China on August 12,1954.This concept was explicitly used in foreign affairs when welcoming Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru on October 20,1954,and it was also extended into international conferences in the Asia-Africa Conference in 1955.Although China maintains that the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence are applicable to all countries,in diplomatic practice,they are mainly applied to China’s relations with non-socialist countries.This concept was used in China’s diplomacy with socialist countries,but it was also emphasized for relationship between socialist and non-socialist countries.The content of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence has been shaped through a process of changes,including the modifications and remodifications of the first and fourth items.

关 键 词：和平共处五项原则 毛泽东 周恩来 中国外交 

分 类 号：K82[历史地理—历史学]