先秦“五德终始”说的历史意识和推论  

On the Five Elements Theory in the Pre-Qin Period:Historical Consciousnessand Implications

作　　者：张富祥[1] ZHANG Fu-xiang(Advanced Institute of Confucian Studies,Shandong University,Jinan 250100,China)

机构地区：[1]山东大学儒学高等研究院,山东济南250100

出　　处：《烟台大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2021年第1期99-105,共7页Journal of Yantai University(Philosophy and Social Science Edition)

摘　　要：战国时期由驺衍创立的“五德终始”说是一种著名的历史循环论。它既是纵向时间上的循环,也是横向空间上的循环;既是当时齐学与鲁学交汇的产物,也是儒家思想与阴阳五行学说的混合物。“五德终始”说的创立以自“五帝”以来的华夏史为主要参照系,讲求治乱盛衰的转移,同时把华夏史扩大到世界史,这是以往的历史意识所不及的。驺衍历史观的核心是一个“变”字,主张治道因时而变;秦王朝从形式上继承了“五德终始”说,而用严酷的法治和“万世一系”的皇位继承法掩盖了此说“变”的实质。The Five Elements Theory created by Zou Yan in the Warring States period is a well-known historical cycle theory.It features a cyclic process of both vertical time and horizontal space,a mixture of the theories of Qi School and Lu School as well as a combination of the Confucian thoughts and Yin-Yang Theory.Based on the Chinese history since the time of the Five Emperors,the Five Elements Theory highlights the change of prosperity and decline and connects the Chinese history with the history of the whole world.Such awareness is well beyond the reach of the other types of former historical consciousness.The core concept of Zou Yan’s theory is change,which advocates administration changing with the circumstances.The rulers of the Qin Dynasty seem to accept the Five Elements Theory while the essence of change is camouflaged by their adoption of the cruel rule of law and the succession system of a ruler claiming descent from a common ancestor through all ages.

关 键 词：先秦华夏史 “五德终始” 历史意识 历史观 

分 类 号：K231[历史地理—历史学]