从理念的运动史到人的解放史——马克思唯物史观对德国古典哲学历史观超越的主体路径探析  

From the History of Ideas to the History of Human Liberation——An Analysis of the Advance of Marx s Historical Materialism over Classical German Philosophy s View of History on Human Subjectivity

作　　者：张笑笑 Zhang Xiaoxiao(Marxism College,Jiaxing University,Jiaxing,Zhejiang 314001)

机构地区：[1]嘉兴学院马克思主义学院,浙江嘉兴314001

出　　处：《嘉兴学院学报》2021年第1期45-51,共7页Journal of Jiaxing University

摘　　要：在哲学的理性启蒙过程中,有着对于人类在尘世的此岸中获取自由的承诺,这其中蕴含着建构关于人类社会发展规律的历史观的诉求。在近代之前始终都是宗教历史观;直到德国古典哲学时期,哲学家将人的主体性发展与历史的发展联系起来,最终由黑格尔通过论证自我意识的辩证运动过程确立了理性思辨历史观。而马克思认为人类历史的形成必须以人的生产和生活的感性活动为基础,他不同意黑格尔这种基于理性的思辨历史观,马克思将哲学的研究视域转向“实践”,建构了辩证的唯物主义历史观。In the process of philosophical enlightenment,there is a commitment to human freedom in the earthly world,which contains the appeal to construct the view of history about the development law of human society.Before modern times,there was always religious view of history.Philosophers didn t link the development of human subjectivity with the development of history until the period of classical German philosophy,and finally Hegel established the rational and speculative view of history through demonstration of the dialectic movement of self-consciousness.However,Marx believed that the formation of human history must be based on sensuous activities of human production and life.He did not agree on Hegel s speculative philosophy of history based on reason.Marx turned the research focus of philosophy to“practice”and constructed the view of history of dialectic materialism.

关 键 词：历史观 德国古典哲学 马克思 自我意识 

分 类 号：B516[哲学宗教—外国哲学]