排球不同扣球起跳动作下肢运动学特征比较分析  

Comparative analysis of lower limb kinematics characteristics of different spike take-off movements in volleyball

作　　者：于长文 YU Changwen(Liaoning Sports Development Center,Shenyang 110179,Liaoning,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁省体育事业发展中心,辽宁沈阳110179

出　　处：《辽宁体育科技》2021年第1期76-79,共4页Liaoning Sport Science and Technology

摘　　要：运用文献资料法、实验法和数理统计法,以10名辽宁省排球队女运动员为研究对象,获取受试者3步助跑后衔接跳跃扣球的起跳期在三维空间坐标中的轨迹和与地面的反作用力参数,以及髋关节、膝关节、踝关节的最大伸肌力矩和最大伸肌功率,研究排球不同扣球起跳下肢运动学的特征,为提高排球扣球起跳时的动作质量提供参考。结果表明:(1)后排先行脚、跟随脚的动作时间、动作总时间短于后排,后排起跳动作距离长于前排(P<0.01);(2)先行脚和跟随脚的髋关节、膝关节伸肌力矩后排大于前排(P>0.05);在踝关节伸肌力矩中,后排的先行脚大于前排(P>0.05),后排的跟随脚大于前排(P<0.05);(3)除先行脚的膝关节向心功率后排均小于前排外,先行脚和跟随脚的髋关节、膝关节、踝关节伸肌向心功率后排均大于前排。先行脚和跟随脚的髋关节、膝关节肌坏踝关节离心功率后排大于前排。By using the methods of literature,experiment and mathematical statistics,10 female volleyball players of Liaoning Provincial volleyball team were selected as research objects to obtain the trajectory,the parameters of the reaction force with the ground and the maximum extensor moment and the maximum extensor power of the hip,knee and ankle during the takeoff period of the 3-step run-up.The results show:(1)the movement time and total movement time of the leading foot and following foot in the back row are shorter than those in the back row,and the take-off movement distance of the back row is longer than that of the front row(P<0.01);(2)The torque of the anterior foot and the extensor muscles of the hip and knee following the foot is larger in the front row(P>0.05);In the moment of secondary muscle of ankle joint,the anteroposterior foot in the back row was greater than that in the front row(P>0.05),and the anteroposterior foot in the back row was greater than that in the front row(P<0.05).(3)Except that the centripetal power of the knee of the antecedent foot is lower than that of the antecedent foot,the centripetal power of the secondary muscle of the hip,knee and ankle is higher than that of the antecedent foot and that of the antecedent foot.The centrifugal power of the anterior foot and the muscle of the hip and knee broken ankle was greater in the rear than in the front.

关 键 词：排球 扣球起跳动作 运动学分析 

分 类 号：G804.6[文化科学—运动人体科学] G842[文化科学—体育学]